Unit 11
Internet: advantages and disadvantages grammar
СЛОЖНОЕ ДОПОЛНЕНИЕ (COMPLEX OBJECT) – 1
После глаголов: want – хотеть
would like / would love – хотелось бы
expect – ожидать, надеяться, предполагать
На русский язык переводится придаточным предложением.
Во второй части употребляется инфинитив с частицей to.
want
would like
expect |
me you him her it us them Carol your friend |
to do |
I’d like you to visit me in the evening. – Мне бы хотелось, чтобы вы навестили меня
вечером.
Do you want me to open the window? – Вы хотите, чтобы я открыл окно?
We expected them to arrive any minute. – Мы ожидали, что они приедут с минуты на
минуту.
She doesn’t want anybody to disturb her. – Она не хочет, чтобы кто-либо её беспокоил.
I wouldn’t like Steve to be angry with me. – Мне бы не хотелось, чтобы Стив на меня
сердился.
They didn’t want us to be invited. – Они не хотели, чтобы нас приглашали.
Exercise 1. Transform according to the examples.
Example 1: Shall I give you a hand? => Would you like me to give you a hand?
Shall I speak up?
Shall we begin?
Shall we come round to your place?
When should I start work?
What time shall we meet up?
Where should we hide the presents?
Who shall I talk to?
What shall I talk about?
Example 2: Don’t lock the door. => I don’t want you to lock the door.
Don’t make noise.
Don’t be afraid.
They shouldn’t hire this man.
Don’t watch this programme.
Boris shouldn’t apply for this job.
Please, don’t be alarmed.
You mustn’t waste time.
She shouldn’t do everything herself.
LANGUAGE USE
Exercise 2. Open the brackets and use Complex Object.
Example: He expected (they, arrive) at 5. – He expected them to arrive at 5.
Do you want (they, stay) at the hotel or with us?
I’d like (the professor, look through) my report.
Do you want (I, show) you the sights?
We expect (he, arrange) everything by the time we come.
I want (she, tell) me the news in brief.
He expected (the meeting, hold) in the Red Room.
I would like (they, fix) an appointment for me for Tuesday.
We want (she, introduce) us to the president.
I don’t want (they, be late) for dinner.
I’d like (the costumes, buy) by Saturday.
Exercise 3. Translate into English using Complex Object.
Мы рассчитываем, что вы придёте.
Мне бы хотелось, чтобы они сделали музыку потише.
Он хочет, чтобы мы ехали поездом.
Я не хочу, чтобы ты волновалась.
Мы не ожидали, что они так хорошо говорят по-русски.
Что она хочет, чтобы мы сделали?
Честно говоря, мне бы не хотелось, чтобы он так много работал.
Кто-нибудь хочет, чтобы мы сейчас обсудили этот вопрос?
Exercise 4. Read each sentence and write a second one from the prompts.
Example: Carol didn’t have enough money.
Jack / lend her some => She wanted Jack to lend her some.
Unfortunately someone told Sue I was going to visit her.
it / be a surprise
My parents were upset when I left home.
me / stay with them
Everybody thought Tom should play tennis.
Tom / play tennis
Please don’t tell anyone that Nancy’s leaving her job.
anyone / know
There’s a football match next Saturday between England and Germany.
England / win ?
In your place I would tell the police about it.
you / inform
Jeremy was sure Jane would be late.
Jane / not to come in time
Nobody is allowed to smoke in our office.
anyone / not to smoke
Exercise 5. Translate into English using Complex Object.
Я не ожидал, что этот полицейский будет таким невежливым человеком.
Мы бы хотели, чтобы вы доставили товары к концу июня.
Я ожидал, что ее туда пригласят.
Он не ожидал, что его об этом спросят.
Мне бы хотелось, чтобы она сказала нам, что она будет делать сегодня вечером.
Я бы не хотел, чтобы кто-то брал мои вещи.
Он хочет, чтобы мы сегодня к нему пришли.
Я хотел бы, чтобы вы меня здесь подождали.
Он хочет, чтобы его сын стал врачом.
Хотите ли вы, чтобы он вам помог?
LANGUAGE USE AND
COMMUNICATION
Exercise 6. Learn the dialogue by heart and act it out. Finish the dialogue with your
own phrases.
A: Don’t be afraid to try new ways of expressing your ideas!
B: Well, I agree with you, but I don’t expect the cast to accept everything I am going to
suggest.
A: Explain to them how important it is to follow the screenplay and to embody your
conception. I would like you to instruct the actors in a proper way.
B: Oh, it`s a matter of complicated psychological interaction. Most well-known actors
want a director and a screenwriter to agree with or at least respect their conception
of showing the characters.
A: Oh, come on! I wouldn`t like you to be pessimistic! Cheer up and do your best!
Exercise 7. Translate into English.
Все хотят, чтобы ты остался.
Никто не ожидал, что он не сдаст экзамен по экономике.
Что тебе бы хотелось, чтобы я купил?
Когда они хотят, чтобы мы приступили к съёмке?
Нам бы не хотелось, чтобы ты проспал.
Ты хочешь, чтобы я переоделся?
Мы не ожидали, что цены так повысятся.
Я хочу, чтобы всё закончилось хорошо.
Мне бы хотелось, чтобы ты сказал правду.
Мне бы не хотелось, чтобы ты лгал.
GRAMMAR
СЛОЖНОЕ ДОПОЛНЕНИЕ (COMPLEX OBJECT) – 2
После глаголов восприятия: see, watch, notice, observe
hear
feel
smell
На русский язык переводится придаточным предложением.
Во второй части употребляется:
1) инфинитив без частицы to, если речь идёт о законченном действии.
Подчёркивается факт совершения действия.
see hear feel smell notice watch observe |
me you him her it us them Carol your friend |
do |
I saw him come into the house. – Я видел, что он вошел в дом.
He heard me open the door. – Он слышал, что я открыла дверь.
2) причастие I (Particiole I), если речь идёт о действии в процессе.
Подчёркивается процесс.
see hear feel smell notice watch observe
|
me you him her it us them Carol your friend |
doing |
I saw him coming into the house. – Я видел, как он входил в дом.
He heard me opening the door. – Он слышал, как я открывала дверь.
Примечание.
Если в главном предложении мы используем пассивный залог, то перед инфинитивом ставится частица to.
He was seen to raise his hand. – Видели, что он поднял руку.
Exercise 8. Translate into Russian.
1. She felt her hands trembling.
2. He felt his heart beat with joy.
3. Nobody noticed him come in and sit down.
4. I felt Nick put his hand on my shoulder.
5. She felt tears roll down her cheeks.
6. We saw them playing football.
7. I heard the entrance door open and close softly.
8. They all gathered on the hill to watch the sun rising.
9. I heard him telling the teacher about it.
10. She heard somebody walk up to her door.
11. I can smell something burning.
Exercise 9. a) Read and enjoy the poem by R.Stevenson.
The Wind
R. L. Stevenson
I saw you toss the kites on high And blow the birds about the sky. And all round I heard you pass Like ladies’ skirts across the grass. Oh, wind, a-blowing all day long, Oh, wind, that sings so loud a song! I saw the different things you did. But always you yourself you hid. I felt you push, I heard you call, I could not see yourself at all. O wind, a-blowing all day long! O wind, that sings so loud a song!
b) Find the forms of Complex Object in it.
c) Learn the poem by heart.
Exercise 10. Look at the way Complex Object is used in the song.
Love To See You Cry
by Enrique Iglesias Maybe I just, wanna touch you, feel you warm inside again. Maybe I just, wanna hurt you, the sweetest pleasure is me. I don’t know why, why, but I love to see you cry. I don’t know why, why, it just makes me feel like ... Are you coming to the moment When you know your heart can break? I’m inside you, I’m around you. Just wanna hear you cry again. I don’t know why, why, but I love to see you cry. I don’t know why, why, it just makes me feel like … I don’t know why, why, but I love to see you cry. I don’t know why, why, but it makes me feel like … You don’t know how much it hurts, when you fall asleep, in my arms. And if this dies before the morning comes I wanna run away, I wanna run away. I don’t know why. I don’t know why. I don’t know why. (I don’t know why.) I don’t know why. (I don’t know why, why, but I love to see you cry.) (I don’t know why, why, it just makes me feel like.) I don’t know why, why, but I love to see you cry. I don’t know why, why, it just makes me feel like … (Love to see you cry) (Love to see you cry)
LANGUAGE USE
AND SPEAKING
Exercise 11. Combine the sentences using Complex Object.
Model: He entered the house. I did not see him. – I did not see him enter the house.
1. They did not notice us. We passed by.
2. He heard her. She was playing the piano.
3. He saw her. She burst into tears.
4. I felt her hand. It was shaking.
5. He didn’t hear us. We called his name.
6. They didn’t see the accident. It occurred at the corner.
7. I heard them. They were arguing.
8. She heard the footsteps. They were dying away.
9. She felt something. It was crawling around her neck.
10. We heard him many times. He told this story.
11. She noticed the expression of his face. It changed suddenly.
12. I heard somebody. He mentioned my name.
13. I felt something hard. It hurt my leg.
Exercise 12. Answer these questions according to the example.
Example: Does Charlie play golf? – No, I’ve never seen him play golf.
Have you ever seen Pat’s smile? It’s really charming.
Did your brother really pat the dean on the shoulder?
This boy parked his car near our house. Did you notice it?
Dylan was deliberately knocked down by another football player. Did you see it?
Did you notice a beautiful girl who drove Nick to the station?
Did the bell ring?
Mary’s singing in the next room. Can you hear it?
Exercise 13. Translate into English.
Я не заметил, как ты вошла.
Ты когда-нибудь видел, как солнце садится за море?
Я никогда не слышал, как он играет на гитаре.
Хочешь посмотреть, как мы репетируем?
Я почувствовал, как кто-то дотронулся мне до плеча.
Кто-нибудь заметил, как исчез Джон?
Я не хочу, чтобы ты видел, как я плачу.
Вы когда-нибудь слышали, чтобы я жаловался?
Exercise 14. Which of you is the most observant?
Mention as many things as possible which you saw, noticed, heard
on the way here. Use Complex Object.
Exercise 15. Open the brackets. Use Complex Object.
No one has ever heard (he / to speak) about his private life.
I like to watch (snowflakes / to fall down) slowly.
Did anyone hear (the telephone / to ring)?
Did you notice (she / to turn red)?
We saw (a young man / run) away down the street.
Listen. Can you hear (a dog / to bark)?
I could see (a teenage girl / sunbathe) on her balcony.
8. She noticed (I / to look) at her.
9. Guess what! I actually saw (Ann / to give) an interview yesterday.
Exercise 16. Translate into English.
Я видел, как она переходила улицу.
Я видел, что она перешла улицу.
Я слышал, как он несколько раз упомянул её имя.
Он не заметил, как мы подошли к нему.
Вы слышали, как они над чем-то смеялись?
Я думаю, что сегодня вы услышите, как она поет.
Он не слышал, как я постучал в дверь.
Я никогда не слышал, как он говорит по-французски.
GRAMMAR
СЛОЖНОЕ ДОПОЛНЕНИЕ (COMPLEX OBJECT) – 3
После глаголов make – заставлять,
let – разрешать, позволять
Во второй части употребляется инфинитив без частицы to.
make
let |
me you him her it us them Carol your friend |
do |
They made me do it. – Они заставили меня это сделать.
Don’t let your child touch anything here. – Не позволяйте ребёнку тут ничего трогать.
Примечание.
Если в главном предложении мы используем глагол make в пассиве, то перед инфинитивом ставится частица to.
I was made to do it. – Меня заставили это сделать.
Exercise 17. Translate into Russian.
No one can make you do what you don’t want to do.
I’m afraid she’s spoiling her child. She lets him do whatever he likes.
I stepped back and let him pass.
Let me do it myself.
I don’t think we should let them stay until the weekend.
What makes the world go round?
LANGUAGE USE AND
COMMUNICATION
Exercise 18. In pairs. Tell each other about your childhood, what your parents let you
do and what they made you do.
to go to bed early / late
to eat a lot of sweets
to go out alone
to do whatever you liked
to spend a night at your friend’s
to wash up
to tidy up your room
to make the bed
to watch a lot of TV
to play computer games
to skip classes at school
to do your homework properly
to keep pets
What else?
Whose parents were more liberal?
Exercise 19. Open the brackets using the proper form of Complex Object.
1. Where is Nick? — I saw (he, talk) to the associate producer a few minutes ago.
2. Parents usually want (their children, be) obedient.
3. I wouldn’t like (such valuable presents, give) to me.
4. I noticed (he, write) something and (pass) it to Alice.
5. I did not expect (he, behave) in such a way.
6. She watched (the stars, sparkle) in the dark sky.
7. We don’t want (our planet, pollute).
8. They expected (he, buy) a more expensive car.
Exercise 20. Insert to where necessary.
Nobody expected that obscure director ___ win the Newcomer award.
We’d like you ___ help us with accommodation.
I heard that aspiring young scriptwriter ___ pitch his first script.
The producer let the DOP ___ use whatever devices he wanted.
The director made the actress ___ say her lines over and over again until he was satisfied.
He wants the film ___ finish with a freeze frame.
They were made ___ cut their expenses.
I noticed the investor ___ hesitate a little but then we closed the deal.
From the jolting simplicity of the opening scene right through those final shots, “Calvary” is never quite the film you expect it ___ be.
Did you hear one of the producers ___ offer a very interesting suggestion at the read-through?
I loved that scene so much! I loved watching the character ___ discover a solution to his problem.
Exercise 21. Translate into English using the proper form of Complex Object.
Мне бы хотелось посмотреть, как он проводит репетиции.
Что это за люди? Они уже минут десять наблюдают, как мы устанавливаем свет.
В котором часу вы хотите, чтобы началось прослушивание?
Боюсь, продюсер не разрешит нам арендовать такое дорогое оборудование.
Мне бы хотелось, чтобы вы со всеми поделились своими мыслями.
Я надеюсь / ожидаю, что директор картины решит все проблемы.
Разумеется, я хочу, чтобы наш фильм имел успех у зрителей.
Я слышал, как сценарист о чём-то спорил с режиссёром.
READING AND
VOCABULARY
Exercise 22. Read the article “Advantages and Disadvantages of the Internet” and try to remember all the advantages and disadvantages the author mentions.
Advantages and Disadvantages of the Internet
The Internet has been perhaps the most outstanding innovation in
the field of communication. “The Internet is a global computer
network providing a variety of information and communication
facilities, consisting of interconnected networks using standardized
communication protocols” (The Oxford Dictionary). The nineties
witnessed a major revolution with the invention of the first
electronic digital computers. With the advent of Internet, our earth
has virtually reduced in size and has attained the form of a global
social village.
The Internet has become an
indispensable business tool, which has helped bring the world
closer. Things that used to be absolutely impossible, have become
common practice. Receiving news from across the world, accessing
knowledge resources, and shopping online are simply a click away. The
Internet has tremendous potential and a lot to offer in terms of
services. However, like every other innovation in science and
technology, the Internet comes with its own advantages and
disadvantages, which are discussed in this article.
Advantages
of the Internet
1. Faster Communication The Internet is the greatest means of communication. Innovations are only making it faster and more reliable. Today, we can initiate real-time communication with someone who is far away. For more personal and interactive communication, it is possible to avail the facilities of video conferencing, chat and messaging services. With the help of these services, the geographically fragmented countries have come together to form a community that is able to share its thoughts on global issues, that affect everyone. The Internet has given us a common platform and medium to explore other cultures and ideologies.
2. Abundant Information Resources The Internet offers knowledge on any given topic. Search engines make information accessible on various subject matters such as government law and services, trade fairs and conferences, market information, innovations and technical support, and even advice on love and relationship matters. It has become common practice to seek web assistance in order to find resources for homework, office presentations, and research.
3. Education The Internet has become an essential source of getting knowledge, both via free and paid services. The credibility of this form of education is still problematic and depends on the quality and authenticity of content presented by each website. The entire scope of homeschooling has expanded because of increased accessibility to videos of teachers giving lectures, showing diagrams and explaining concepts. There are also sites like Wikipedia and TeacherTube sharing information, instructional videos and content for teachers and students. Although Skype is a commercial product, its free version is being used with increasing frequency in global education projects.
4. Entertainment for Everyone Entertainment is one of the main reasons for surfing the Web. Finding the latest updates about celebrities and exploring lifestyle websites have become day-to-day activities of many Internet consumers. On the other hand, even celebrities are using the Internet effectively for promoting themselves and for keeping their fans happy. There are numerous games that can be downloaded. Indeed, online gaming has achieved dramatic and phenomenal popularity because of ever-increasing demand throughout the world.
5. Social Networking and Staying Connected One cannot imagine a social life without Facebook or Twitter. These portals have become the means of staying in touch with friends and family and not losing track of the current events. Apart from finding long-lost friends, the Internet also makes it easier to search and apply for jobs and get ample business opportunities. Besides, there are public chat rooms where users can meet new people. For those who are single, the Internet also provides the option to select a suitable dating partner through secure online profiles, which can be filtered as per your personal interests and preferences.
6.
Online Services and E-commerce
Thanks
to numerous monetary services, we can carry out all our financial
transactions online. We can book tickets for a movie, transfer funds,
pay utility bills and taxes without having to leave our homes or
offices. Travel websites, for instance, offer quick booking schemes
and plan itineraries according to their clients’ likes. E-commerce
is used for all types of business deals that involve the transfer of
money through the Internet. E-commerce, with its variety of products
and services, makes it possible to have the clients’ orders
delivered directly to their homes. Websites such as eBay allow
customers to bid, buy, sell, and even auction products
online.
Disadvantages
of the Internet
1. Theft of Personal Information The use of Internet for banking, social networking, or other services, often makes our personal information vulnerable to theft. There are no fail-proof ways of securing names, account numbers, addresses, photos, and credit card numbers from being stolen or misused by thieving websites and individuals. Needless to say, the damage caused by having our identities misused and our accounts broken into, is often irreparable and embarrassing.
2. Spamming Spamming refers to sending unwanted e-mails, which serve no purpose and obstruct the computer system. Such illegal activities can be very frustrating as it makes it slower to access our email accounts and makes the entire service unreliable for consumers. Spammers usually use bots that bombard the receiver with an endless line of advertisements. This can prove to be increasingly perplexing, as it keeps getting mixed with our more important emails. Fortunately, email service providers often have security systems to guard against spamming.
3
.
Malware Threats
One
of the most annoying problems with the Internet is the ease with
which any malware can infect computers. Internet users are often
plagued by virus attacks that harm their computers and important
files. Virus programmes
are
inconspicuous and may get activated simply by clicking a seemingly
harmless link. Computers connected to the Internet are extremely
prone to IP targeted virus attacks that may end up crashing the
system completely.
4.
Age-inappropriate Content
Pornography
and age-inappropriate content is perhaps the biggest disadvantage of
the Internet. The Internet makes uploading shocking content so easy,
that we end up coming across inappropriate words and images even
while surfing educational sites. All that parents can do, is lock
harmful sites and monitor the sites viewed by their children.
5.
Social Isolation, Obesity, and Depression
The
biggest problem with having the Internet is its ability to create
rifts between the real and virtual world. The virtual world can often
seem so alluring that once hooked, going back to real life seems
daunting. There is addiction to everything that pertains to the web
and that includes excessive surfing, online gambling, social
networking, and gaming addiction. There are now psychiatric clinics
and doctors that specifically resolve problems created by the
Internet. These addictions cause both physical and mental disorders
that can lead to health complications if left unattended.
Exercise 23. Find words in the text with the meanings below. The first letters are given.
Note collocations in which they are used.
the arrival of a notable person, thing, or event: a______________
succeed in achieving, especially after much effort: a_______________
absolutely necessary, essential, impossible to exist without: i_____________
that can be trusted, trustworthy, likely to be true or correct, likely to provide what is needed: r____________
cause a process or action to begin: i____________
use, take advantage of: a____________
a group of people living in the same place or having a particular characteristic in common: c______________
available in large quantities; plentiful: a_____________
hard to solve, doubtful, questionable, not definite or settled, uncertain: p__________
become or make larger: e____________
how often something occurs, the rate at which something repeats: f____________
someone who buys goods and services for personal use: c____________
willingness and ability to purchase goods and services: d____________
belonging to the present time, happening now: c_____________
not married: s____________
free from danger, safe, protected: s_____________
relating to money: m_____________
money owed for goods or services supplied, a written account for food and drink in a restaurant, hotel, etc: b____________
detailed plan or route of a trip: i_____________
the action of stealing: t______________
easily damaged by something negative or harmful: v______________
the condition of being fat or overweight in a way that is dangerous for health: o___________
have a connection, be directly related to something: p_____________
Exercise 24. a). Find the following words and word combinations in the article and give their definition in English. Use the dictionary or browse the Net if necessary.
1. a network
2. a standardized communication protocol
3. a global social village
4. online
5. a click away
6. real-time communication
7. video conferencing
8. a chat
9. messaging services
10. to form a community
11. search engines
12. government law and services
13. a trade fair
14. to seek web assistance
15. a website
16. homeschooling
17. to surf the Web
18. social networking
19. to secure online profiles
20. financial transactions
21. E-commerce
22. a utility bill
23. theft of personal information
24. spam
25. obstruct the computer system
26. use bots
27. malware threats
28. crash the system completely
29. IP
30. IP targeted virus
31. virtual
32. online gambling
33. gaming addiction
b) Think of your own examples illustrating the meaning of the expressions above. You can combine two or more expressions in one sentence.
Exercise 25. Find the opposites of the following words in Exercise 22. With the help of what
prefixes are they formed?
disadvantage, possible, dispensable, use, legal, reliable, conspicuous,
appropriate, attended.
Exercise 26. Match the synonyms from the two columns.
cause A. conduct
disorder B. bump into
resolve C. alarming
obstruct D. result in
carry out E. aim
perplex F. tempting
doubtful G. sort out
target H. confuse
come across I. questionable
alluring J. disease
daunting K. block up
Exercise 27. Which of the following best describes the author’s conception?
1. The Internet
(A) has geographically fragmented countries.
(B) has reduced homeschooling.
(C) has given us a common platform and medium to explore other cultures and ideologies.
(D) has made content more reliable.
2. Surfing the web
doesn’t end up coming across inappropriate words and images.
is hardly ever used in order to find resources for homework, office presentations, and research.
always causes computer virus activation that harms the computers and important files.
can cause both physical and mental disorders that lead to health complications if left unattended.
3. The main disadvantages of the Internet are considered to be:
(A) networks using standardized communication protocols.
(B) inconspicuous virus programmes that may get activated simply by clicking a seemingly harmless link.
(C) celebrities promoting themselves to keep their fans happy.
(D) clients’ orders delivered directly to their homes.
4. Computers connected to the Internet
(A) are extremely prone to IP targeted virus attacks.
(B) provide for online gambling, social networking, and gaming addiction.
(C) guarantee authenticity of content presented by each website.
(D) create rifts between the real and virtual world.
SPEAKING AND
COMMUNICATION
Exercise 28. a) Find the topic sentence of each paragraph and combining them together create a “map” of the article. The term “topic sentence” means the sentence giving the key idea of the paragraph. Usually it is found at the beginning of the paragraph but sometimes the structure may be different.
b) Use linking words and combine the topic sentences to present the summary of the article.
Exercise 29. Do you agree with the author of the article? Give arguments to prove your idea.
Exercise 30. What word collocates with all the words in each item?
huge, enormous, key, clear, dubious, obvious, considerable, big, great, major …
serious, minor, slight, obvious, considerable, big, great, major …
communication, conference, essential, extra, communal, public, childcare, educational …
offer, provide, include, use, make use of, improve, a range of …
partially, completely, deliberately …
… the computer system, passage, progress, traffic, view, investigation, justice
partially, completely, successfully, peacefully, quickly, eventually …
… conflict, problem, ambiguity, difference, dilemma, tension, disagreement
… form, level, position, balance, immortality, recognition, status, excellence
… affairs, events, boyfriend, version, theory, champion, fashion, generation, year
electricity, energy, fuel, gas, heating, utility, phone, big, huge, unpaid; get, pay …
… transaction, assessment, evaluation, experiment, task, survey, job, function, reform
Exercise 31. Write out the advantages and disadvantages of Internet from Exercise 22.
Then add your own ideas to each column.
Advantages On the plus / credit side … |
Disadvantages On the minus / down side …
|
Exercise 32. You are going to take part in a talk show “Is Internet a Blessing or a Curse?”
The following vocabulary can come in handy:
It’s my pleasure to welcome you to …
One good / bad thing about the Internet is that …
Another plus / minus point for the Net is that …
… That’s on the credit / down side.
Sorry to interrupt but …
Excuse me, but …
Excuse my interrupting you, but …
Before you continue …
Can I just butt in?
Could I just stop you for a moment?
It’s time to bring this discussion to a close.
Thank you all for being with us today.
sharing your ideas on this complex issue.
It’s been wonderful to hear all of our speakers here. Thank you.
READING AND