Unit 10

ANALYZING A MOVIE

READING AND

VOCABULARY

Exercise 1. a) Read the film essay sample paying attention to the highlighted words.

b) Translate the highlighted words into Russian.

c) Brainstorm ideas on the role of the highlighted words in the essay.

“The Shining” by Stanley Kubrick

Undoubtedly one of the most ambiguous movies of the 20^th century is “The Shining” shot by Stanley Kubrick. It is a horror film, telling a story of a family, that has moved into a hotel called the Overlook, which was inhabited by ghosts. Throughout the film, the plot develops around the Torrance family: Jack, Wendy, and their son Danny. Kubrick based the film on a novel written by Steven King. The literary source is rather thrilling and intriguing, and the film can be basically given the same positive assessment.

According to the screenplay, Jack Torrance is a writer who has quit abusing alcohol, and moves into a distant hotel in the mountains with his family. The winter weather conditions make the hotel fully isolated from the outer world. All roads leading to it are covered with snow, so no vehicles can pass. During this period, the hotel is closed. Isolation, however, is what Jack needs to write his new novel, and at the same time, he will work as the hotel’s keeper. The hotel was built on a patch of land where an old Indian cemetery had been located. During the film, Jack Torrance (Jack Nicolson), influenced by the evil spirits, gradually goes insane and attempts to k ill his wife Wendy (Shelley Duvall) and son Danny (Danny Lloyd), but fails to do so and dies.

The first and foremost criterion to evaluate “The Shining” is the atmosphere that was reproduced in the film. Kubrick managed to convey a sense of isolation and detachment, as well as the mystical fear constantly increasing throughout the film. Despite the luxurious furnishing, the Overlook hotel looks like a cemetery. The tension is also delivered through scenes with ghosts and the depiction of how Jack gradually loses his mind. One of the most horrifying moments in the film is when Wendy takes a look at the manuscript Jack has been writing during the period of time their family has spent in the hotel. She sees that all pages are scribbled with just one phrase: “All fun and no play makes Jack a dull boy,” and after that she understands that her husband is evidently insane. The sense of fear and desperation, which Kubrick intended to convey to the audience, is delivered masterfully, thus speaking in the film’s favor.

Then, compared to Jack Nicholson’s and Scatman Crothers’ performance, the other actors seem obviously unconvincing. While Jack Nicholson managed to create an image of a psychotic writer suffering from alcoholism, the other two members of the Torrance family, played by Shelley Duvall and Danny Lloyd, look stilted and simulated. In the case of Danny Lloyd, allowances can be made for him because of his age and lack of acting experience; however, Shelley Duvall in this particular movie is not at her best. In most action scenes, her play looks factitious, and sometimes inappropriate, which is irritating. This makes significant contrast to Nicholson’s character, who is persuasive, especially in the scene when he breaks the bathroom door with a fire ax. This is, perhaps, one of the best scenes in the film.

Finally, the technical aspect is also important for the film’s evaluation, and “The Shining” can be noted for a high level of cinematography. The film introduces a number of novelties that were never used before, or were used rarely. Almost all scenes with Danny were shot from the growth rate of a small boy. This technique helps the audience feel the world of a child in a more realistic manner, and view the ghosts and the surrounding scary environment through his eyes. Besides, during the filming, a Steadycam system was used. This technology allows to stabilize the picture in dynamic scenes. For instance, the scene when Danny rides his bicycle in the hotel’s corridors was shot with the help of this device.

To sum up, “The Shining” is an excellent horror movie, made by a well-known director, based on a famous writer’s novel. It portrays a dense atmosphere of despair and isolation, which is valuable for the film with such a plot. Technical novelties used during the filming also contribute to the positive assessment of the film. One of the most significant factors speaking in favor of “The Shining” is Jack Nicholson’s acting ability to portray the image of a psychotic writer, who is convincing and genuinely scary. However, in his background, other characters are lost due to simulated performance by Shelley Duvall and Danny Lloyd.

LANGUAGE USE

Exercise 2. a) Compare the ideas you’ve brainstormed with the information given below.

b) Translate all the transition signals from the right-hand column into

Russian.

Linking words and phrases (sometimes called transition words) are vital devices for essays, papers or other literary compositions. They improve the connections and transitions between sentences and paragraphs. They thus give the text a logical organization and structure so the text is easier to read and the coherence is improved.

Linking words act like bridges between parts of your writing. They link your sentences and paragraphs together smoothly so that there are no abrupt jumps or breaks between ideas. Such words and phrases indicate to the reader the order and flow of your writing and ideas. Using

transitions makes it easier for the reader to follow your ideas. They help carry over a thought from one sentence to another, from one paragraph to another, or from one idea to another.

There are several different transition signals. Some lead your reader forward through the sequence of your ideas, while others are used to clarify and emphasize your point of view, to compare or contrast facts and ideas, to illustrate them by examples or draw conclusions from

the preceding information. The following words and phrases can be used to indicate transitions and to help your reader understand the way ideas are logically connected in your writing.

TYPE OF RELATIONSHIP	TRANSITION SIGNALS THAT HELP IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF RELATIONSHIP
SEQUENCE and TIME	first / firstly, second / secondly, third / thirdly etc., next, then, after that, at last, finally, further / furthermore, after, after a short time, afterward, before, during, of late, at that time, at the same time, immediately, gradually, formerly, while, presently, since, shortly, now, thereupon, until, temporarily, constantly
ADDITION	again, and, besides, finally, further, last, moreover, equally important, also, too, furthermore, in addition/additionally / an additional…, likewise, as well as
CLARIFICATION and EMPHASIS	as a matter of fact, clearly, evidently, in fact, too, obviously, in other words, of course, undoubtedly, indeed, generally, admittedly, particularly / in particular, especially, importantly
COMPARISON	also, likewise, in like manner, similarly, both…and, in contrast (to) / in comparison, while, whereas, on the one hand… on the other hand, on the contrary, like, just as, just like, similar to, same as, compare / compared to / with, not only...but also
CONTRAST	after all, although / even though / though, conversely, at the same time, however, but, for all that, still, in spite of, yet, nevertheless, nonetheless, in contrast, on the contrary, on the one hand, on the other hand, but, yet, notwithstanding, despite / in spite of
EXAMPLE	for example, for instance, that is (i.e), thus, including, such as, namely
LOCATION or SPATIAL ORDER	above, adjacent to, below, beyond, close by, elsewhere, inside, nearby, next to, opposite, within, without
CAUSE / EFFECT or CONDITION / CONCLUSION	accordingly / according to, as a result, because, then, hence, in short, consequently, thus, therefore, also, in conclusion, so, as a consequence (of), therefore, consequently, due to, for, since, as, because of, so as
SUMMARY and RESULT	in brief, in conclusion, in short, to sum up, on the whole, to summarize, as a result, therefore, thus, hence

Exercise 3. Read each passage and identify the way the information is organized.

Text Structure Quiz

1. Undoubtedly one of the most ambiguous movies of the 20^th century is “The Shining”

shot by Stanley Kubrick.

a. condition/conclusion b. contrast c. clarification and emphasis d. comparison

2. According to the screenplay, Jack Torrance is a writer who has quit abusing alcohol, and

moves into a distant hotel in the mountains with his family.

a. addition b. summary and result c. sequence and time d. cause/effect

3. Isolation, (1) however, is what Jack needs to write his new novel, and (2) at the same

time he will work as the hotel’s keeper.

(1) a. contrast b. clarification and emphasis c. location and spatial order d. comparison

(2) a. summary and result b. sequence and time c. cause/effect d. example

4. (1) During the film, Jack Torrance, influenced by the evil spirits, (2) gradually goes

insane and attempts to kill his wife and son, but fails to do so and dies.

(1) a. contrast b. clarification and emphasis c. sequence and time

d. location and spatial order

(2) a. sequence and time b. addition c. cause/effect d. comparison

5. The first and foremost criterion to evaluate “The Shining” is the atmosphere that was

reproduced in the film.

a. addition b. summary and result c. sequence and time d. condition/conclusion

6. Kubrick managed to convey a sense of isolation and detachment, (1) as well as the

mystical fear (2) constantly increasing throughout the film.

(1) a. sequence and time b. addition c. cause/effect d. comparison

(2) a. contrast b. sequence and time c. clarification and emphasis

d. condition/conclusion

7. Despite the luxurious furnishing, the Overlook hotel looks like a cemetery.

a. sequence and time b. addition c. cause/effect d. contrast

1. The tension is (1) also delivered through scenes with ghosts and the depictions of how

Jack (2) gradually loses his mind.

(1) a. comparison b. clarification and emphasis c. addition d. location and spatial order

(2) a. clarification and emphasis b. sequence and time c. cause/effect d. comparison

9. (1) After that she understands that her husband is (2) evidently insane.

(1) a. contrast b. addition c. location and spatial order d. sequence and time

(2) a. summary and result b. clarification and emphasis c. cause/effect d. example

10. The sense of fear and desperation, which Kubrick intended to convey to the audience, is

delivered masterfully, thus speaking in the film’s favor.

a. sequence and time b. addition c. cause/effect d. comparison

11. (1) Then, (2) compared to Jack Nicholson’s and Scatman Crothers’s performance, the

other actors seem obviously (3) unconvincing.

(1) a. sequence and time b. addition c. cause/effect d. comparison

(2) a. contrast b. sequence and time c. clarification and emphasis d. comparison

(3) a. summary and result b. clarification and emphasis c. cause/effect d. example

12. While Jack Nicholson managed to create an image of a psychotic writer suffering from

alcoholism, the other two members of the Torrance family look stilted and simulated.

a. addition b. summary and result c. sequence and time d. condition/conclusion

13. In the case of Danny Lloyd, allowances can be made for him (1) because of his age and

lack of acting experience; (2) however, Shelley Duvall in this particular movie is not at

her best.

(1) a. contrast b. clarification and emphasis c. sequence and time d. cause/effect

(2) a. contrast b. addition c. cause/effect d. comparison

14. This makes significant contrast to Nicholson’s character, who is persuasive, especially

in the scene when he breaks the bathroom door with a fire ax.

a. addition b. summary and result c. clarification and emphasis

d. condition/conclusion

15. (1) Finally the technical aspect is (2) also important for the film’s evaluation, and “The

Shining” can be noted for a high level of cinematography.

(1) a. contrast b. addition c. location and spatial order d. sequence and time

(2) a. summary and result b. clarification and emphasis c. addition d. example

16. Besides, during the filming, a Steadycam system was used.

a. addition b. summary and result c. sequence and time

d. condition/conclusion

17. For instance, the scene when Danny rides his bicycle in the hotel’s corridors was shot

with the help of this device.

a. location and spatial order b. summary and result c. example

d. condition/conclusion

18. To sum up, “The Shining” is an excellent horror movie, made by a well-known

director, based on a famous writer’s novel.

a. sequence and time b. condition/conclusion c. addition d. contrast

19. Technical novelties used during the filming also contribute to the positive assessment of

the film.

a. contrast b. addition c. cause/effect d. comparison

20. (1) However, in his background, other characters are lost due to simulated performance

by Shelley Duvall and Danny Lloyd.

(1) a. comparison b. clarification and emphasis c. sequence and time d. contrast

(2) a. clarification and emphasis b. sequence and time c. cause/effect d. comparison

Exercise 4. Classify the following linking words / phrases according to list below.

for instance, therefore, in particular, both…and, indeed, hence, although, on the one hand… on the other hand, within, as a matter of fact, in brief, in spite of, accordingly, furthermore, on the whole, not only...but also, moreover, thus, nevertheless, that is (ie), in short, secondly, besides, as well as, on the contrary, therefore, at last, such as, whereas, afterward, in contrast (to), in conclusion, nonetheless, in addition, due to, despite, first, similar to

To List Points: in the first place, _______________

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2. To add more points: _______________________

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To introduce opposing viewpoints: ______________

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To introduce examples / reasons: _______________

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To conclude: ________________________________

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Exercise 5. Make up your own sentences using any 10 linking words.