The Main Parts of a Diesel Engine

The main parts of a diesel engine are: the cylinder, the piston, the connecting rod, the crankshaft, valves or ports, the fuel pump and the nozzle.

In the cylinder the piston moves up and down and makes strokes. The piston is connected to a mechanism which controls its motion and is called a crank mechanism. The crank mechanism consists of a shaft which turns or revolves in bearings and has a crank which turns in a circle when the shaft revolves, and a connecting rod which connects the crank to the piston. Through the intake valves or ports air is delivered into the cylinder. A spray nozzle or a fuel injector delivers fuel oil. It is injected in the form of a finely divided spray by a pump which is called a fuel injection pump.

diesel engine д.в.с.

piston, n поршень

crank, n мотыль, кривошип

crankshaft, n коленчатый вал

crank mechanism кривошипный механизм

shaft, n вал

connect, v соединять

connecting rod шатун

fuel oil топливо

fuel pump топливный насос

intake valve впускной клапан

port, n окно

nozzle, n сопло

inject, v впрыскивать

injection, n впрыскивание, распыление

injector, n форсунка

stroke, n ход, такт /поршня/

move, v двигаться

motion, n движение

bearing, n подшипник

consist of, v состоять из

revolve, v вращать/ся/

rotate, v вращать/ся/

deliver, v подавать /топливо/

spray, n, v струя; разбрызгивать,

распылять

What Work the Parts of an Engine Perform

The heart of an engine is the cylinder where the fuel is burnt and the power is developed. The cylinder head closes the top end of the cylinder to make space where the air is compressed and the gases are confined while they are burning and expanding.

The piston moves up and down in a cylinder. It compresses the air charge. When the gases are burning and expanding the piston receives the pressure of the gases. The connecting rod transmits the motion of the piston to the crankshaft. The main bearings support the crankshaft and permit it to rotate. Valves or ports admit air and discharge the burnt or exhaust gases. The frame and the bedplate are used to hold the cylinder, the crankshaft and main bearings together.

The fuel injection pump is used to deliver fuel into the cylinder and the fuel injection nozzle is used to divide the fuel into a fine spray as it enters the cylinder.

perform выполнять charge заряд; заряжать, загружать discharge выпускать expand расширять/ся/ develop развивать, вырабатывать receive, get получать fuel injection pump топливный насос высокого давления spray распылять; струя as (зд.) когда compress сжимать

enter поступать в permit разрешать pressure давление cylinder head крышка цилиндра confine ограничивать transmit передавать support поддерживать exhaust gases отработавшие газы frame рама bedplate станина