3. Prerequisites

NAME OF TOPICS

Volume, HOUR

literature

current control, point

1. Introduction.

Ecology as a science. Objectives and methods of ecology. Ecological Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Brief theory of the formation and development of environmental knowledge. Relationship with other sciences. Forums ecology: autecology, Population ecology, synecology, global ecology.

1

BL:1-19

SL:1-14

0,66

The theme 2. The organism and the environment.     

The main terms of a possible origin of life from inanimate matter. stages of chemical and biological evolution of the Earth. Biological organization. Biodiversity of plants and animals. Basics aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.

1

BL:1-19

SL:1-14

0,66

The theme 3. Ecological factors and their classification.      Abiotic and biotic factors. Anthropogenic factor is a special group of environmental factors. Interconnection between environmental factors. Reaction to environmental factors associated with space and time.

1

BL:1-19

SL:1-14

0,66

The theme 4. The organism and the conditions of its habitat. Limiting factors. Liebig minimum law. Act tolerance Shelford. Range of tolerance. Stenobiontic and eurybiontic organisms.

1

BL:1-19

SL:1-14

0,66

The theme 5. Populations

The concept of the population. The basic properties of populations. The volume, density. Population growth.

1

BL:1-19

SL:1-14

0,66

The theme 6. Ecosystem

The concept of biocenosis, biogeocoenose and ecosystem. The energy balance of the biosphere. The flow of energy and cycling of chemical elements in the ecosystem. The first and second law of thermodynamics.

1

BL:1-19

SL:1-14

0,66

The theme 7. Trophic structure of biocenosis. Producers, consumers, decomposers. Food chains and trophic levels. 10% rule. Environmental pyramid (numbers, biomass, energy). Productivity biocenosis (primary, secondary).

1

BL:1-19

SL:1-14

0,66

The theme 8. Types of relationships between organisms and interspecific competition

Competition, predation, parasitism, symbiosis, kommensalizm.Suktsessiya (primary, secondary).

1

BL:1-19

SL:1-14

0,66

The theme 9. The doctrine of the biosphere.

Formation of the concept of the biosphere. The concept of living matter. Modern Biosphere. The cycling of matter in the biosphere. Production growth and impact on the environment. Noosphere.

1

BL:1-19

SL:1-14

0,66

The theme 10. Characteristics of earth's natural resources.

Resources of the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere. Classification of natural resources. Efficient use of natural resources. The introduction of low-waste technologies.

1

BL:1-19

SL:1-14

0,66

The theme 11. Air and his protection.

The gas composition of the atmosphere. The role of living organisms in the formation of the modern atmosphere. Classification emissions. MPC. Global impact of atmospheric pollution.

1

BL:1-19

SL:1-14

0,66

The theme 12. Soil and their rational use.

Ecological status of land resources in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Desertification. Land recultivation

1

BL:1-19

SL:1-14

0,66

The theme13.The concept and principles of sustainable developmen

Concept - sustainable development. The principle of justice. The principle of conservation of the natural environment. The principle of holistic thinking. The principle of think globally, act locally.

1

BL:1-19

SL:1-14

0,66

The theme 14. The concept of sustainable development of Kazakhstan.

Improving the system of environmental management for sustainable development.

1

BL:1-19

SL:1-14

0,66

The theme 15. Ecological aspects of sustainable development.  

    The influence of environmental factors on human development.     Environmental areas. Water resources. Food. Climate change. Poverty and the Environment.

1

BL:1-19

SL:1-14

0,66