Абсолютный инфинитивный оборот

(Absolute Infinitive Consturction)

Данный оборот включает слово, которое выражает предмет или лицо и по своим функциям напоминает подлежащее. Независимый инфинитивный оборот может стоять в начале или в конце предложения. Он отделяется от предложения запятой и, чаще всего, вводится словом with.

The sellers offered the customers 300 barrels of oil, delivery to be made in May.

Miss Stanley is below, with a car to take you home.

В зависимости от положения в предложении абсолютный инфинитивный оборот переводится двумя способами:

1. Если независимый инфинитивный оборот стоит в начале предложения, все предложение переводится сложноподчиненным предложением, а подчинительный союз подбирается по смыслу.

(With) the measurements to be done at each stage of the reaction, we will get better results.

Если мы будем проводить измерения на каждом этапе реакции, то результаты будут лучше.

2. Если независимый инфинитивный оборот стоит в конце предложения, то все предложение переводится сложносочиненным предложением, а независимый инфинитивный оборот соединяется с главным при помощи сочинительных союзов: а, и, причем. При переводе русский глагол используется либо в будущем времени или со словом должен.

We will test this sample under different conditions (with) the measurements to be done at each stage of the reaction.

Мы протестируем этот образец при разных условиях, причем измерения будем производить на каждом этапе реакции.

Практические задания

ЗАДАНИЕ 1. Переведете устно предложения. Определите виды инфинитивных оборотов.

1. The tendency was for the inflation rate to gradually decline. 2. Vulcan was a planet that nineteenth century scientists were believed to exist somewhere between Mercury and the Sun. 3. I heard his name be mentioned several times at the meeting. 4. Their proposal was reasonable enough for the board to consider it in a meeting. 5. New research shows that in the first couple years after marriage, women are much more likely than men to gain weight. 5. For money to be able to work it must be either invested or deposited in a bank. 6. We'd like you to deliver goods by the end of June. 7. I expected her to be invited there. 8. We did not expect it to be announced on the radio. 9. The robbers made the people in the bank stand against the wall. 10. Yesterday I had my windows washed. 11. Difficult circumstances made him act in' such a way. 12. The suspect was made to lie on the ground. 13. She must have her watch repaired.

14. Tropical cyclones are predicted to be more powerful this year.

ЗАДАНИЕ 2. Переведете письменно предложения. Определите виды инфинитивных оборотов.

1. With the introduction of computers globally in the 1990s, the entire approach of working, communicating and storing important information is thought to have been changed. 2. This decision was for her to be made. 3. A consortium of more than 30 universities is said to invest in the infrastructure to improve Internet speeds 1,000-fold. 4. The basis of wireless communication is considered to be the access point which enables the user to connect to a network through the desktop or other devices. 5. It's quite possible for them to accept your proposal. 6. The best decision for us make at the moment is to wait and see. 7. Computers have made the world come closer, be it personally or professionally. 8. New research shows that in the first couple years after marriage, women are much more likely than men to gain weight. 9. Taking a bath is reported to cure loneliness.

ЗАДАНИЕ 4. Переведете письменно предложения.

1. Я хочу, чтобы вы никогда больше не говорили об этом. 2. Сообщают, что рост экономики Китая в 2009 году превысил рост экономики США в два раза. 3. Известно, что все тела обладают определенным весом. 4. Доказано, что атмосфера простирается на несколько сот километров над землей. 5. Когда два тела колеблются с одинаковой частотой, говорят, что они находятся в резонансе. 6. Обычному наблюдателю кажется, что воздух не имеет веса. 7. Большая часть радия, вероятно, будет потеряна при получении его из морской воды. 8. Он ждал, чтобы она заговорила, но она молчала. 9. Мы ожидаем, что этот эксперимент будет удачным. 10. Они хотели, чтобы продолжили разработку данного метода. 11. Я видел, как он вошел в комнату. 12. Все родственники ожидали, что она выйдет замуж за Тома. 13. Преподаватель разрешил нам пользоваться словарями при переводе текста. 14. Для меня прийти вовремя – самая большая проблема. 15. Самое подходящее, что вы можете сделать – это проверить результаты эксперимента еще раз.

ЗАДАНИЕ 5. Выполните письменный перевод текстов. Определите виды используемых в них инфинитивных оборотов.

Текст 1

Do We Care About Future Generations?

W e are said to care about our children and the world they’ll inherit. And we care about their children. But when it comes to the generations we won’t be around to know, the ties seem to be less strong – at least when it comes to dealing with how our current behavior might impact future generations.

But researchers have found that reminders of our own mortality may motivate us to make inter-generational trade-offs that benefit future communities.

Volunteers were asked to read an article about a fatal airline accident. Then they had to play the role of the head of a company that discovered a new source of cheap, efficient energy. They had to decide how much of that energy should be used by the company today versus saving it for use by others in the future. Turns out, those who were primed to think of mortality were much more likely to save the resource for future use by others. The study is in the journal Psychological Science.

The researchers say that by making a difference for future generations we gain a sense of purpose that combats the feeling of finality when we face our inevitable mortality.

(по материалам сайта www.scientificamerican.com)

Текст 2

Confusion Helps Us Learn

W hen we’re confused by something – say with a movie plot or calculus – we are considered to feel uncomfortable, frustrated. But maybe we should embrace the confusion. Because a new study finds, that confusion can lead to better learning.

Scientists set up a situation where they purposely confused subjects during a pretend learning session.

The subjects watched an animated tutor and student discuss possible flaws in a scientific study. The researchers had the animated tutor and student disagree with each other on specific flaws. But to set up a really confusing situation for one group of subjects they also had the pretend tutor and student make incorrect or contradictory statements about the study. Then the subjects had to decide which of the two opinions had more scientific merit.

Subjects who were forced to deal with the incorrect and contradictory statements did significantly better on later tests where they had to spot flaws in studies, as opposed to those subjects who only faced the disagreements between the animated tutor and student. Researchers note that confusion motivates us to work harder to understand, and so we gain a deeper and more comprehensive knowledge of a subject.

(по материалам сайта www.scientificamerican.com)