Вариант №4.

I. Перепишите предложения. Определите граммати­ческое значение слов, имеющих окончание -s, -‘s, -s’ (часть речи, падеж, число, лицо, время - cм. образец выполнения). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. He studies English in his free time.

2. Airliners' routes will mainly lie in the stratosphere.

3. They discussed the scientist’s article.

4. Measures are being taken to save the Aral Sea.

5. Physics and mathematics are my favourite subjects.

II. Перепишите предложения. Определите в каждом из них видовременную форму сказуемого и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. They helped us to modernize the laboratory.

2. People use mathematics in all branches of science.

3. During the whole of last year those specialists were study­ing new materials.

4. The new railway lines will allow effective exploration of natural resources.

5. Microelectronics is the branch of electronics which is concerned with the design, production and application of electronic components, circuits and devices of extremely small dimensions.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные степени сравнения прилагательных и/или наречий и переведите их на русский язык:

1. The results of the experiment are more optimistic.

2. Actions speak louder than words.

3. Temperature is a less important factor in the reaction than pressure.

4. By the end of 1980s television moved to a new and more important

stage in its development since the appearance of colour television.

5. The picture of HDTV is five times sharper compared to other kinds of television.

IV. a) Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на особенности перевода сказуемого в пассивном залоге.

1. The design was completed in time.

2. This idea will be approved at the meeting.

3. Lectures on the use of the atomic energy in industry are always listened to with great interest.

4. The results of the investigation can be relied upon.

5. Our papers were still being checked when we came to see the instructor.

b) Преобразуйте предложения, употребив вместо действительного залога страдательный:

1. The researchers are developing a very useful device.

2. Radio employs electrical energy to transmit sounds, images and signals.

V. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на значение слов ‘it’, ‘one’, ‘that’ в различных функциях.

1. Mathematics is studied at all technological institutes because every engineer must know it well.

2. That computers and industrial robots are important for industrial uses is well known to scientists and engineers.

3. The simplest materials are those which have only one kind of atoms.

4. The use of the new equipment made it possible to minimize the number of workers.

5. This control system is more efficient than that described in the article.

VI. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на значение модального глагола и/или его эквивалента.

1. They must believe these facts.

2. We can watch TV programs even from space.

3. The compass has to be small and light in weight.

4. Scientists have to work hard to create a new atomic technique.

5. High speed electronic machines are able to record and study a lot of scientific data.

VII.Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

Electricity

It is impossible to imagine our civilization without electric­ity: economic and social progress will be turned to the past and our daily lives completely transformed.

Electrical power has become universal. Thousands of ap­plications of electricity such as lighting, electrochemistry and electrometallurgy are longstanding and unquestionable.

With the appearance of the electrical motor, power cables replaced transmission shafts, gear wheels, belts and pulleys¹ in the 19-th century workshops. And in the home a whole range of various time and labour saving appliances have become a part of our everyday lives.

Other devices are based on specific properties of electricity: electrostatics in the case of photocopying machine and electromagnetism in the case of radar and television. These ap­plications have made electricity most widely used.

The first industrial application was in the silver workshops in Paris. The generator - a new compact source of electricity - was also developed there. The generator replaced the batter­ies and other devices that had been used before.

Electric lighting came into wide use at the end of the last century with the development of the electric lamp by Thomas Edison. Then the transformer was invented, the first electric lines and networks were set up, dynamos and induction mo­tors³ were designed.

Since the beginning of the 20-th century the successful de­velopment of electricity has begun throughout the industrial world. The consumption of electricity has doubled every ten years.Today consumption of electricity per capita⁴ is an indicator of the state of development and economic health of a nation.

Electricity has replaced other sources of energy as it has been realized that it offers improved service, and reduced cost. One of the greatest advantages of electricity is that it is clean, easily-regulated and generates no by-products⁵. Applications of electricity now cover all fields of human activity from house washing machines to the latest laser devices. Electricity is the efficient source of some of the most recent technological ad­vances such as the laser and electron beams.

Truly⁶ electricity provides mankind with the energy of the future.

Notes to the Text:

1. transmission shafts, gearwheels, belts and pulleys -трансмиссионные валы, зубчатые колеса, ремни и блоки

2. time and labour saving appliances - электроприборы, экономящие время и труд

3. induction motors - индукционные моторы

4. per capita - на человека; на душу населения

5. by- products - побочные продукты

6. truly - поистине

VIII. Выпишите из текста предложения с глаголом в Present Perfect Active и Present Perfect Passive.