Вариант № 9

I. Перепишите предложения; подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и укажите функцию каждого из них, т.е. определите, будет ли оно определением, обстоятельством или составной частью глагола-сказуемого; предложения переведите (см. образец выполнения)

1. Using new methods they achieved good results.

2. The power generated was supplied to a number of fac­tories.

3. The signal supplied by the auxiliary source controls the power.

4. The first laser was developed in 1960.

5. Transistors contain no moving parts.

II. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на герундий и герундиальные обороты.

1. Studying English is necessary for every engineer.

2. The energy of body is its capacity for doing work.

3. He mentioned his having shown these slides at the conference.

4. A transformer is a device for rising or lowering voltage.

III. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на инфинитив и инфинитивные обороты.

1. We are likely to meet them there.

2. Industrial electronic equipment is known to play a very important role today.

3. It is impossible to measure the temperature of hot flowing metals.

4. It is very difficult to study radio engineering.

5. One of the ways to make planes as economical as possible is to lighten the aircraft by using new composite materials.

IV. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на условные придаточные предложения и глаголы в сослагательном наклонении:

1. It is important that safety measures be taken while working with the electric equipment.

2. They would finish the work in time if they had the necessary material.

3. If he had been able to get all the information on the subject, his report would have been much more interesting.

4. I’ll do it if it is necessary.

V. Перепишите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных местоимений.

1. “We have to do something to make our telephone work better”, Bell used to say.

2. Nobody knows when this device was invented.

3. Everybody understood that phenomenon.

4. Are there any students in the lab now?

5. There are some telephones here.

VI. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в правильную форму согласно правилу согласования времен.

1. The chief engineer believed that we (to work) at that problem for a month the following summer.

2. We weren’t sure whether we (may) use a computer for our work.

VII. Перепишите текст и переведите его на русский язык.

Superconductivity

Super­conductors are likely to bring the mankind to the threshold of a new technolog­ical age. Prestige, economic and military benefits could well come to the nation that first will master this new field of physics. They were once thought to be physically impossible. But in 1911 superconductivity was discovered by a Dutch physicist K. Onnes, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1913 for his low-temperature research. He found the electrical resistivity of a mer­cury wire to disappear suddenly when cooled below a temperature of 4 Kelvin (-269 °C). Absolute zero is known to be 0 K. This dis­covery was a completely unexpected phenomenon. He also discov­ered that a superconducting material can be returned to the normal state either by passing a sufficiently large current through it or by applying a sufficiently strong magnetic field to it. But at that time there was no theory to explain this.

For almost 50 years after K. Onnes' discovery theorists were unable to develop a fundamental theory of superconductivity. In 1950 physicists Landau and Ginzburg made a great contribution to the development of superconductivity theory. They introduced a model which proved to be useful in understanding electromagnetic properties of superconductors. Finally, in 1957 a satisfactory the­ory was presented by American physicists, which won for them in 1972 the Nobel Prize in physics. Research in superconductors be­came especially active since a discovery made in 1986 by IBM sci­entists in Zurich. They found a metallic ceramic compound to become a superconductor at a temperature well above the previ­ously achieved record of 23 K.

It was difficult to believe it. However, in 1987 American physi­cist Paul Chu informed about a much more sensational discovery: he and his colleagues produced superconductivity at an unbeliev­able before temperature 98 K in a special ceramic material. At once in all leading laboratories throughout the world superconductors of critical temperature 100 K and higher (that is, above the boiling temperature of liquid nitrogen) were obtained. Thus, potential technical uses of high temperature superconductivity seemed to be possible and practical.

VIII. Выпишите из текста 2 предложения, содержащие инфинитивный оборот (Complex Subject with the Infinitive) и подчеркните его.