Вариант №10

I. Перепишите предложения. Определите граммати­ческое значение слов, имеющих окончание -s, -‘s, -s’ (часть речи, падеж, число, лицо, время - cм. образец выполнения.). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1.Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen.

2. Alternating current changes its direction many times a second.

3. Radio plays an important part as a means of communication.

4. What device sends out waves in different directions?

5. The dean’s assistant told us to come in time.

II. Перепишите предложения. Определите в каждом из них видовременную форму (грамматическое время глагола-сказуемого и залог –Active or Passive - смотри образец выполнения). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Franklin invented the lightning conductor.

2. The electronic industry produces several types of minicomputers.

3. Science is becoming a leading factor in the progress of mankind.

4. He will give me valuable information on the subject.

5. I haven’t seen you since you graduated from the University.

III. a) Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные степени сравнения прилагательных и/или наречий и переведите их на русский язык.

1. These deviсes are the best for work at the lab.

2. It was the most productive period in the history of science.

3. This approach is more realistic.

4. The greater the number of free electrons in a substance, the better this substance conducts electricity.

5. These engines are not so powerful as those motors.

IV. a) Перепишите предложения, обратите внимание на особенности перевода сказуемого в пассивном залоге. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The first electric cell was made in 1800 by Volta.

2. Many interesting facts can be found in this article.

3. Much attention is being paid to the development of three-dimensional television.

4. Complex calculations were followed by experiments.

5. There are problems which should be solved in cooperation with other countries.

b) Преобразуйте предложения, употребив вместо действительного залога страдательный. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1.Scientists designed a variety of tubes for specialized functions.

2. People discovered new phenomena of nature due to electronic devices.

V. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на значение слов ‘it’, ‘one’, ‘that’ в различных функциях.

1. One should know that “roentgen” is a unit of radiation.

2. It is well-known that technological progress is impossible without

electronics, computers, robots and new materials.

3. That theory is combined with practical training is a very good tradition of our universities.

4. It was Mendeleyev who gave the world his periodic table of elements.

5. The new technologies must be connected with the traditional ones.

VI. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на значение модального глагола и его эквивалента.

1. These parts have to be replaced by new ones.

2. Nobody was able to understand that mysterious phenomenon.

3. One should turn the gas off before leaving home.

4. The lecture is to begin at 3 o’clock.

5. He was allowed to use a dictionary.

VII. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

Made in Space

This label "Made in Space" for industrial materials will probably surprise no one in the not so distant future. They may include superconductors, new kinds of alloys, substances with peculiar magnetic properties, supertransparent laser glass, polymers, plastics, and so on. Experts estimate that within a few coming years industrial production of various new materials of better quality will be started in space.

Conditions on board a space vehicle orbiting the Earth greatly differ from those on its surface. However, all of these conditions can be simulated on Earth, except for one - prolonged weightlessness. Weightlessness can be created on Earth, but only for a few seconds. A space flight is another matter: a satellite orbiting the Earth is n a dynamic zero-gravity state, i.e., when gravity is cancelled out by inertia.

What can weightlessness be used for? Many well-known processes go on differently due to the absence of weight. The Archimedes principle is no longer valid and, consequently, stable-state liquid mixtures can be obtained, the components of which would immediately separate on Earth because of different density.

In space there is no gravitational convection , i.e., movements of gases or liquids caused by difference of temperatures. It is well-known that various defects in semiconductors occur because of convection. Biochemists also have to deal with the worst aspects of convection, for example, in the production of superpure biologically active substances. Convection makes it very difficult on Earth.

A great number of experiments aimed at proving the advantages of the zero-gravity state for the production of certain materials have been carried out on board manned and unmanned space vehicles. The experiments proved that many of the properties of the materials obtained under the zero-gravity condition were much better than those produced on Earth.

VIII. Выпишите из текста предложение с глаголом в Present Perfect Passive.