- •Английский язык computer review
- •119454, Москва, пр. Вернадского, 78 Unit I computers overview
- •Vocabulary Terms:
- •Phrases:
- •Words you may need
- •Text 1 Mechanical calculators Part 1
- •Vocabulary
- •Phrases:
- •Practice some more sentences:
- •Text 2 Mechanical Calculators Part 2
- •Remember the following terms and phrases:
- •Practice some more examples:
- •Unit 2 evolution of electronic computer systems
- •List of words and expressions to remember
- •Auxiliary words
- •Remember the following synonyms
- •Text 1 first generation computers. History of development (part 1)
- •Words and expressions to remember
- •Words you may need:
- •Verbs to remember
- •Auxiliary words:
- •Example: extreme – extremely, exclusive – exclusively
- •Text 2 first generation computers history of development (part II)
- •The text is about…
- •Unit 3 the second generation : 1957-1964
- •Characteristics of second-generation computers
- •Vocabulary Terms to remember
- •Phrases:
- •Words you may need
- •Verbs to remember
- •Text 1 second generation computers history of development (part 1)
- •Vocabulary Terms and phrases to remember:
- •Words you may need:
- •Verbs to remember:
- •Auxiliary words:
- •Text 2 the second generation computers history of development (part 2)
- •Terms and phrases to remember:
- •Words you may need:
- •Verbs to remember:
- •Auxiliary words:
List of words and expressions to remember
drawback = disadvantage = shortcoming transmission of information mechanical means electric current small / medium / large scale integrated circuits triode vacuum tube electrical signals string of ones and zeros computer design relay reduction computer performance sole factor device technology system architecture processing mode memory banks time consuming tedious = boring |
symbolic languages / codes mnemonics central processing unit temporary control unit route information timing signals overall system performance execution cycle consecutive steps fetch cycle instruction cycle modification schemes maintenance floating-point arithmetic main storage capacity mercury delay lines |
Words you may need
cumbersome - обременительный
discrete - разделять
breakthrough - скачок, перелом
payroll processing - обработка платежных ведомостей
record keeping - ведение учета
Verbs to remember
to specify |
to research |
to materialize |
to develop |
to exceed |
to include |
to fetch |
to be limited |
to enable |
to save |
to process |
to transmit |
to experience |
to execute |
to contain |
to approach |
to increase |
to reduce |
to contribute |
to mark |
to provide |
to enhance |
to determine |
to implement |
Auxiliary words
due to rather than that however |
then most such as
|
Remember the following synonyms
drawback - disadvantage - shortcoming
tedious - boring
Task 1 Pronounce the following words correctly
inertia - [G`n6¦XF;XiE] language - [`lQ€gwidJ] circuit - [sNkit] triode - [`traioud] |
tedious - [`tIdiFs] mnemonics - [nimOniks] scheme - [skGm]
|
Task 2 Remember the formation of the following negatives.
reliable - unreliable limited - unlimited experienced - inexperienced developed - undeveloped |
used - unused determined - undetermined efficient - inefficient numeric - nonnumeric |
Task 3. Match A and B.
1 machine language |
1 внутренние схемы |
2 first generation computers |
2 цикл выборки |
3 control unit |
3 язык машинного кода |
4 internal circuits |
4 научно-технические расчеты |
5 instruction cycle |
5 ртутные линии задержки |
6 fetch cycle |
6 блок контроля / центральный процессор |
7 mercury delay line |
7 обработка платежных ведомостей |
8 symbolic language |
8 проблема теплоотвода и технического обслуживания |
9 primary internal storage medium |
9 язык символического кодирования |
10 execution cycle |
10 схема переадресации |
11 floating-point arithmetic |
11 цикл выполнения программы |
12 payroll processing |
12 основная внутренняя память |
13 scientific computations |
13 компьютеры первого поколения |
14 address modification scheme |
14 арифметика с плавающей точкой |
15 heat and maintenance problem |
15 командный цикл |
Task 4 Express your opinion on the following:
What kind of drawbacks do mechanical computers have?
What is the main difference between mechanical and electronic computers?
What were the criteria for the division of computers into generations?
Task 5 Comment on the following.
First-generation machines were mostly programmed in machine language, but writing a machine language program was cumbersome and time consuming. What was done to make programming easier? How were most first-generation computers programmed?
First-generation computers had many design shortcomings. Specify the most important.
First-generation computers had such design and operating characteristics as: vacuum tubes in electronic circuits and mercury delay lines for memory; processing speed of 2000 instructions per second. Do you know some more?
Task 6 Find 5 sentences with the present participle in the text and translate them.