Интонация
В английском языке различают две основные речевые мелодии:
- с понижением тона,
- с повышением тона.
Мелодия с понижением тона произносится в тех случаях, когда высказывание закончено или выражается категоричность.
Мелодия с повышением тона указывает на незаконченность высказывания.
С понижением тона
- В законченных повествовательных предложениях, выражающих утверждение или категоричное заявление, например:
I study \English.
I am the 'first 'year \student.
- в восклицательных предложениях, например:
'How very \interesting it is!
- в специальных вопросах (в вопросах, начинающихся с вопросительных слов), например:
'Where did you \study?
-во второй части альтернативного вопроса, например:
Do you 'study in the /morning or in the \evening?
-в повелительных предложениях, выражающих приказания, распоряжения, категорическую просьбу, например:
Stop \talking, please.
С повышением тона
- в отдельных частях предложений (в синтагмах), незаконченных по смыслу, например:
In the /evening I went to the \library.
- для выражения просьбы, например:
/Please 'shut the 'door.
- в общих вопросах (вопросах, начинающихся с глагола и требующих ответа 'да' или 'нет') например:
'Did you 'enter this 'institute 'last /year?
'Are you an /engineer?
- в первой части альтернативного вопроса, например:
'Do you 'study in the /morning or in the \evening?
- при перечислении (перед каждым однородным членом предложения, кроме последнего), например:
We 'study /physics, mathe/matics, /chemistry and 'English at the \Institute.
- в разделительных вопросах, например:
She is 'pretty, / isn't she?
'Will you open the /window, / won't you?
Ex.4. Read paying attention to intonation given:
It’s a 'fine ' night for a \ride.
I was af 'raid to ' spend so much \money.
The ' lazy ' dog ' lay in the \shade.
How ' nicely she 'speaks \English.
'How \lucky he is.
'Let me \look at you.
'Where do you \live?
\Wait for me.
'Don’t \listen to her.
'Bring me a \chair.
'How much time do they \need?
'What 'book are you \reading?
What a ' hot \day!
'What 'book are you \reading?
Would you 'like /tea or \coffee?
'Can I /walk there or 'must I 'take a \bus?
'Will he be 'back at /four or at \five?
He 'wasn’t 'very polite, \was he?
He had 'no \choice, \had he?
It’s a 'long way from \here, \isn’t it?
Good \morning.
Good 'after\noon.
'Glad to \meet you.
Boys, 'don’t 'make 'so much \noise.
Susan, 'put the 'flowers on the \table.
Ex.4. Read paying attention to intonation:
All the children came to help us.
Mr. Brown and his friend came to the station.
Saturday and Sunday are holidays.
The first writer of fables was a man called Aesop.
On the top of a hill stood an old house.
As a rule we have very little snow here
On the desk there is a typewriter, some pieces of paper and some flowers.
Did Jim and Joe just jump for joy?
Can you tell me the time?
Then I began to get nervous myself.
We never said good night to one another.
I don't understand German myself.
At about four o'clock we began to discuss our arrangements for the evening.
Tongue-Twisters
1. A proper copper coffee pot.
2. Around the rugged rocks the ragged rascals ran.
3. Long legged ladies last longer.
4. Mixed biscuits, mixed biscuits.
5. Pink lorry, yellow lorry.
6. Red leather, yellow leather, red leather, yellow leather.
7. She sells sea-shells on the sea-shore.
8. The sixth sick Sheik's sixth sheep is sick.
9. Three grey geese in green grass grazing.
10. We surely shall see the sun shine soon.
11. As the roaring rocket rose, the restless roosters rollicked.
12. A noisy noise annoys an oyster.
13. Cows graze in groves on grass which grows in grooves and groves.
14. The big black-backed bumble-bee.
15. The critical cricket critic.
16. Four fat dogs frying fritters and fiddling ferociously.
17. Five French fryers fanning a fainted flea.
18. Six slippery seals slipping silently ashore.
19. Six silent snakes slithering slowly southward.
20. Six selfish shellfish.
21. Eight gray geese grazing gaily in the grease.
22. Sixty-six sickly chics.
23. The rat ran by the river with a lump of raw liver.
24. Black bugs blood.
25. Six twin screwed cruisers.
26. A pale pink proud peacock pompously preened its pretty plumage.
27. Dead in the middle of Little Italy little did we know,
That we riddled some middlemen who didn't do diddly.