F igure 1

1. How does this circular arrangement illustrate the relationships between the four management functions?

2. Why are the arrows two-way rather than just one-way?

3. When does this cycle of planning, organizing, directing and controlling end?

4. Are there other ways that the four management functions can be represented graphically? Explain and draw other figures.

5. Discuss and compare Figure 1 with those figures drawn by your classmates.

Vocabulary exercises

A. Substitute appropriate terms for the italicized words or phrases in the sentences below.

established	functions	guide	team	positions
phases	allocate	attained	move on	overall

1. Often a group of managers rather than an individual works on a particular project. _________team__________________

2. Plans set up in the first stage are subject to revision throughout the duration of the project._____________________________

3. Managers should periodically check to see how well comprehensive company goals detailed in the planning phase are being met.___________________

4. Organizational goals generally are achieved by successfully combining the functions of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling. ___________

5. It is possible to divide the organizing function into two stages: determining positions and their associated duties and then staffing those positions. ________

6. In order to apportion human resources properly, managers compare company objectives with the available resources. ________________________________

7. Classified advertisements in newspapers and professional journals provide a list of jobs that are available, a brief description of each job, and a telephone number or an address. _____________________________________________

8. One of the roles of a supervisor is to direct workers in order to maximize their talents and increase their efficiency.

B. Discuss the following questions with a partner. In giving your answers, try to use the italicized terms.

1. During which management phase are overall organizational objectives established ?

2. What personal qualities do you think good managers should have ?

3. Which of the four management functions do you think is the most important? Why ?

4. Why are interpersonal skills essential for effective management ?

5. Why is staffing considered an ongoing managirial duty?

C. Fill in the blanks below with the most appropriate terms from the list.

direction	adequately	manager	motivate	supervision
guided	revised	interpersonal	regadless	attain

Over the period of three decades (1950-1980), American manufacturing industries have revised the ________________ of their operating philosophies at the level of the manufacturing unit. As the degree of adduction and technical sophistication of the labour force has increased, top management teams have ________________ the established patterns of ________________ to increase ________________ communication from a one-way control mode to a two-way dialogue mode. In order to _________________ production targets, plant managers and supervisors realize the need to ______________ the workers under their direction.

TEXT ANALYSIS

Look back at the reading to answer these questions.

1. In line 3, what does their refer to?

______________________________________________

2. In line 8, what does these goals refer to?

______________________________________________

3. In line 16, what does this refer to?

______________________________________________

4. In line 21, what does they refer to?

______________________________________________

5. In line 12, a connective word is used to show a contrast. Find the connective word and copy it below. Then write down the two concepts that are being contrasted.

_______________________ _______________________________

(connective) (concept being contrasted)

6. What connective words or phrases, if any, are used to introduce the four basic management functions? If no connective is used, indicate this with.

CONNECTIVE WORDS MANAGEMENT

OR PHRASES FUNCTIONS

a . ________________________ _____________

b . the second management organizing

c . _________________________ _____________

d . _________________________ _____________

7. Write definitions for the management functions by matching a function on the left with a definition on the right. Use this definition form:

term being defined verb to be definition

a. Planning - the day-to-day direction and supervision of workers

b. Organizing - the evaluation of how well company objectives are being met

c. Directing - the determination of overall company objectives and how they can best be achieved

d. Controlling - the process of putting the plan into action

a. Planning is _____________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________

c. ______________________________________________________

d. ______________________________________________________