Persuasion strategies

Strategies, tactics

Communicative means

Examples

Appeal to fact

SEE BELOW

Appeal to emotions

Negative emotions: fear, anger, envy, guilt, revolt.

Positive emotions:

respect, love, pride, duty, pity.

Intellectual, ethical, emotional evaluation;

The highest, greatest, most powerful

Appeal to responsibility importance, responsibility, obligation, proper, legitimate

Clever, professional, fantastic, superb, tremendous, drastic

It is the highest and greatest court.

Suddenly all importance has shifted on you…it is your responsibility to see that men remain to speak, to speak boldly and unafraid.

Appeal to value

Value words + verbs of respect, contribution, creation, action

To respect, to follow, to observe, to administer, to make, create, to determine, to organize, to bring (justice) + justice, freedom, law, democracy

There is one way to command respect for law and that is to administer the law.

It is the time when Idaho should show the world that within her borders no crime can be committed and that those who come within her borders must observe the law.

Common grounds

Draw on something you and the audience have in common: experience, values, goals, education, children, job, etc.

Words:

positive words good, effective (our effective cooperation), professional, our boys, people, young men, We are here to discuss; It is the change we need;

Uniting words: union, integrated, all, common, the same, share something, we, you and I, we together, So do I, like you.

Comparison

Comparison of past and present, present and future

Three years ago ….and now, then… and today you can see

Visualization

Words of perception

Presentive words

Emotion describing words

feel, smell, love, picture this / how does this sound / let’s look at this / I hear you say / to illustrate what I’m saying…

sea, (smell of, taste of) money, clean hands, honest eyes;

frightening, beautiful

Telling a story

Past tense, present tense

Personal (or friends’, relatives’ example)

My friend was once in the similar situation…

As soon as I read the article about diseases that physicians misdiagnose, I knew my sister must suffer from one of them. For years, Cathy called all of the mentioned symptoms for celiac, but no doctor had ever tested her for it. At yet another of her checkups, I said that I with the help of Reader’s Digest, had diagnosed her condition…

Bringing the situation to the audience

And now you can be in the position of those poor people whose children suffer and ask “Give me something to eat, Dad”.

Rhetorical Questions

What is our purpose in Afghanistan? Why do our

men and women still fight and die there?

Appeal to authority

Eyewitness;

Expert, specialist;

Famous people;

Famous sayings, proverbs;

(Famous, known to the audience) literature;

Common knowledge;

Audience

You can crucify a Jesus, you can poison a Socrates, you can hand John Brown or Nathan Hale? You can assassin John Kennedy or a Martin Luther King, but the problem remains.

They were like Samson in the temple, seeking to tear down the pillars of the structure.

We/you and I + verbs of perception/verbs of knowledge, recognision

You saw it. You remember that. You know it.

Generalization

never, ever, any ‘любой’, not a single;

all, everybody, all of us;

in the world, in history (+ superlative degree);

This man Faulkner didn't see a single man on that train that he knew.

All of us would do the same, wouldn’t we?

Every mаn sitting here is an honest man.

It was the greatest fraud in the history of this country. It was probably the greatest fraud ever perpetrated in the history of humankind.

Appeal to prospects

Showing solution and results

Considering, in view that…/

future forms of verbs / modals

Conditionals In case / if we want (our company to prosper) / if we cope with it , I assure you …

Evaluation

Normative

Utilitarian

Emotional

This is right/wrong / robust basis / stable / normal position / violation / threat / not on the level

Must / cant’s / bad / difficult / important / beneficial / profitable / useful

Great / tremendous / disastrous / dramatic

Appeal to benefit

Our business travel consultants provide you with the best business travel tools and personal assistance so that you and your travelers can focus on your work and not your travel itineraries.

Contrast

Positive evaluation in preposition

G not bad, but D is bad

positive evaluation in postposition

G is bad, but D is not bad

Repetition

First-word echo

Key phrase, sentence

Sounds

Words

Groups of three

Piracy is the main challenge. So, what is the main challenge? The main challenge is piracy.