4. Circle the correct word (s) in the sentence

1.A fuel which is hard to evaporate can be utilized in internal combustion engines by spraying/mixturing.

2. The liquid must be well mixed/sprayed/atomized.

3. Injection engines can be of both types/of the four-cycle type/of the two-cycle type.

Практическая работа № 16.

Ignition.

1. Match the phrases with the Russian equivalents:

1. ignition a. щуп

2. electric spark b. гнездо

3. sparkplug c. электрическая искра

4. spanner d. торцевой ключ

5. socket e. зажигание

6. gap f. свеча зажигания

7. gauge g. Зазор

Answer:1-____,2-____,3-____,4-____,5-____,6-____, 7-____

2. Read and translate the text:

After the charge is in the cylinder and after it is compressed in the combustion chamber, it must be ignited. Nearly all modern mixture engines employ electric ignition. It consists in making a hot electric spark at the proper time in the combustion chamber. Such a spark is produced between the two electrodes of a spark plug, energized either from a battery or from an electric generator, and timed by a distributor. When air is compressed, it heats up, and its temperature depends on the compression pressure. If this is high enough, the air gets so hot that oil sprayed into it ignites spontaneously.

3. Answer the questions:

1. What kind of ignition do all modern engines employ?

2. Where is a hot electric spark made?

3. What is produced between the two electrodes of a spark plug?

4. What is energized a spark plug from?

4. Read and translate the instruction how to check a spark plug.

1. Remove the cover.

2. Place the spanner over the spark plug.

3. Rotate the plug anti-clockwise until it is loose.

4. Remove the plug from the socket.

5. Examine the gap and check that it is clean.

6. Insert the gauge in the gap.

7. Check that the gap is between 0.65 and 1.00 mm wide.

8. Replace the plug in the socket.

9. Rotate the plug clockwise until it is hand-tight.

10. Place the spanner over the plug and give a quarter turn clockwise.

11. Do not over tighten the plug.

12. Replace the cover.

5.True or false?

1. Turn the plug anti-clockwise and tighten it. True /false

2. Look at the gap and clean it. True /false

3. Put the gauge into the gap and check the width. True /false

4. Tighten the plug with your hand. Then use the spanner. True /false

5. Width of the gap is 1.65 mm. True /false

Практическая работа № 17. Gearbox

1. Read and translate the text:

The gearbox is placed between the clutch and the propeller shaft. The principal function of the gearbox is to vary the speed of the car movement to meet the road conditions. The gearbox provides four for­ward speeds and one reverse, as follows: first or low gear, second gear, third gear, fourth or top gear, reverse gear.

There are many constructional arrangements of gearboxes, which can be classified as follows: sliding-mesh type, constant-mesh type, epicyclic (planetary) type.

The sliding-mesh type is the simplest one and is the oldest histori­cally. The constant-mesh type is the most widely used type. They are termed "ordinary" gearing, the characteristic feature of which is that the gears simply rotate about their own axes.

The characteristic feature of epicyclic (planetary) gearing is that one gear rotates about its own axis and also rotates bodily about some other axis.

To secure the several speeds of the car the clutch shaft is mounted In direct line with the gearbox shaft. The gearbox shaft carries on it the sliding gears which are used for shifting to secure the forward speeds and the reverse drive.