Step 2. Vocabulary. Texts

I. Point out the suffixes and prefixes in the words and translate

into Ukrainian:

protection, resposibility, financial, impracticable, unknown, neuro-pathologist, establishment, declaration, unfortunately, qualification, inalienable, requirement, previously, helpless, incurable, appearance, description, carefully, additional, return, indifferent.

II. Pick up the English equivalents to the Ukrainian expressions:

хворий, медичне обслуговування, медичні засоби, медична допо­мога, лікувальний факультет, лікарська комісія, лікувальний заклад,

історія хвороби, медичний персонал, лікарський нагляд;

medical aid (assistance), medical faculty, medical attendance,

medical board, medical case, medical staff, medical establishment,

medical means, medical care, medical history.

III. Read the words and word-combinations to the іехії

doctor доктор (науковий ступінь)

barber Ebo;b^[ перукар

honourary почесний

to edit внданати; редагувати

terminology |.b:rm'n3bd5il термінологія

selfless labour самовіддана праця

to enrapture захоплювати

to depict зображувати

^apothecary {a'pafhkan] аптамр, фарма-

'цевт

exhibit [ig'zibii) експонат to display (dis'ptei] демонструвати ancient Г'еіп.Гапі] античний to expose [iks'pouz] виставляти appliance [a'platsns] пристосування, ІїрИ-^ИД

entirety (in'taisti| цілісність; ціде

stain фарба

taint [seint] святий

sequel [•si:kwsl| продовження

to witness свідчити

TEXT A IV. Read wd translate the fext:

THE PAST OF MEDICINE

In Ukraine the museum o! medicine was established tn Ї973 in Hyiv-There are thousands ої exibits here which display the development fit medicine in Ukraine from ancient times till nowadays. Polk medicine Hgtitlts, first publications in medicine, the activity of prominent doctors

Ї37*^

and scientists of the past, medical science and others — everything is exposed in historical succession. 'Picturesque diorama, pieces of sculp­ture and painting, new compositions of pieces of art and technical . appliances, video-films — all of it taken together creates the panorama

of great entirety which unite the main stages of development of medi­cine in Ukraine.

At the entrance hall the stained-glass window facing the visitor, presents mythological patron-saint of medicine Asclepy and his daugh­ters Hygeia and Panacea among the emblems of medicine. The next hall as a sequel to a story of the ancient medicine has the wall-painting of some classics of doctoring such as Hippocrates, Avicenna, Paratsels, E. Jenner, D. Samoilovytch, M. Pirogov, and others.

The first hall displays the history of development of medicine in Uk­raine. Unique documents witness the presence of some elements of professional doctoring, sanitation and hygiene in the mighty ancient state of 11 th — !2th centuries — Kyiv Rus.

The rnuitiground diorama "Medicaf Help in Cossack-peasant Army of Bogdan Khmelnytsky" vividly demonstrates that as far back as'

J7th century various surgical measures were used by army-barbers immediately at the battle-field^'

The expositiona] hall at the gallery dedicated to 18t1h century dis­plays the establishment of hospitals, medical schools, pharmacies and the activity of prominent Ukrainian doctors and scientists; D. Sa­moilovytch—world-famous epidemiologist, the honorary member of many European Academies, his scientific publications were edited in France; N. Ambodyk-Maxymovich — scientist of encyclopedic knowledge, the founder of home medical terminology and the obstet- • rics of the country: 0. Shumlyansky—anatomist-microscopist who was the first to describe the kidney texture. In the very same hall one can see the first theses of Ukrainian scientists defended at Leiden, Kiel, Strasbourg and other Universities of Europe, unique anatomical atlases created by the great pioneers of surgery—I. Buyalsky and

M. Pirogov—and used by the students of medicine in Europe and America, and other documents.

The next hail exposing the development of provincial medicine of ^emstvoJn Ukraine displays many new documents about the selfless , 'labour of provincial doctors whose professional heroism enraptured then- colleagues in Europe^ The interior "Provincial Doctor in the Poor j_

Peasant's Hut" vividly depicts the very atmosphere of hard labour of provincial doctors. '

Then one can see a smafl provincial pharmacy of the beginning of 19th century: dark furniture, old pharmaceutical earthenware and

crockery, apparatus, instruments and devices used by'the first apo­thecaries.

(to be continued) 138

V. Answer the following questions:

1. When and where was the museum of medicine established? 'Л What do the exibits display? 3. "What is exposed in historical succes-•n>n? 4. What creates the panorama of great entirety? 5. Whom can one h<'e at the entrance hall? 6. What watl-painting ої some classics of doctoring has the next hall? 7- What does the first hall display? й. What does the multiground diorama "Medical Help in Cossack-peasant Army of Bogdan Khmelnytsky" demonstrate? 9. What does ihe expositional hall dedicated to the 18th century display? 10. What documents does the next hall exposing the development of provincial medicine of zemstvo display?

VI. Read Ihe words and word-combinations to the text:

to dedicate [-dedikeit] присвячувати

to excite [ik'saiij спонукати

<0 print друкувати

cells division поділ клітин .,• ,.

scope масштаб, розмах ¹ '.•'

existence |ig'zistons] існування-

abundant багатий

transfusion [tr;ens'fju:5nl переливання

asepsis асептика

abdominal черевний

landmark віха

selfless devotion самовідданість

to trace back простежити

thorny path тернистий шлях

TEXT В

VII. Read and translate tne text:

THE PAST OF MEDICINE development of medical science and education in Ukraine

The second section of the museum of medicine is dedicated to the development of medical science and education in Ukraine- The estab­lishment of Colleges of Medicine in Kharkiv (1805), Kyiv, Lviv» Odesa excited the making of anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pathology iind other theoretical sciences of medicine. The printed works displayed here belong to: world-famous anatomist from Kyiv—V. Bets—the author of the theory of architectonics of brain; famous histoiogist P. Pcremezhko who was the first to explain the nature of living cell division; well-known Ukrainian pathologist V- Vysokovych; the in-Vt'stigator of wide scientific scope B. Danylevsky who was the first to note the existence of bioelectric potentials of brain; the founder of Russian physiology I. Sechenov who was working in Ukraine for many

yc.irs and others.

The interior "Operating Room in the Middle of 19th Century" opens

ilie exposition on the development of surgery in Kyiv. The visitor sees -i Famous surgeon V. Karavayev, the first dean of College of Medicine .ii Kyiv University, and his great teacher M. Pirogov both at the opera-ling table. Abundantly documented life and activity of great surgeons

fafc. , 139 *

of the day M. Skliphosovsky, S. Коіотпін, A. Podrez resulted in the first direct transfusion at the battle-field, development of asepsis and abdominal surgery, first successful operation on wounded heart — the landmarks on the way to development of surgery in Ukraine. Vari­ous medical apparatus, instruments and devices of 19th and the begin­ning of 20th centuries face the visitor.

Exposition on therapy displays progressive role of Kyiv therapeutic school. The founder of Kyiv therapeutic school prof. V. Obraztsov ftrvented a deep sliding palpation method of abdominal cavity organs that won the world recognition as a universal method of diagnosis. Among the numerous exhibits there are some early publications by

M. Strazhesko — a well-known scientist, academician, initiator in establishing the Institute of Clinical Medicine.

"Medical Hetp at Sevastopol Defence" — historically authentic diorama reflects the battle-field at the Crimean War and its partici­pants: the reorganizer of field-surgery M. Pirogov and first home

nurses whose selfless devotion to their hard labour led to the establish­ment of Red Cross Society.

Next section of the exposition gives the documented description of the development of bacteriology and epidemiology in Ukraine, of the experiments provided by the investigators on themselves, of toe establishment of bacteriological station by academician I. Mech-nikov. Life and activity of a courageous fighter against plague, cho­lera, diphtheria and typhus, one of the unitiators of our epidemiology D. Zabolotny, son of a serf, one of "he first presidents of the Academy

of Sciences of Ukraine, is represented in numerous documents and the interior.

The central section of the museum exposition is devoted to establish­ment and development of the health service system in Ukraine.

la the next expositional halt there is the multiground diorama ^Medl'ca} Help at Kyiv Defence during summer-autumn 1941" and many portraits and sculptures of the participants of the World War II. Many new expositions show the achievements of different scientific sdioob in physiology, biochemistry, therapy, ophthalmology, morpho-fogy, hygiene headed by weSl-known scientists academicians, as

0. BogOtnolets, V. Paltadm, M. Strazhesko, V. Vorobjov, 0. Marzeey «ad many others.

Visiting the museum of medicine we traced back a long and thorny fifiibeS our medlctae.

Vlfl. Answer the following questions:

t.. What is the second section of museum dedicated to? 2. Whom do tfae printed works displayed here belong to? 3. What does the inte­rior "Operating Room in the Middle of 19th Century" open? 4. What medfcal apparatus, instruments and devices can one see here? 5. Who

146

(was the founder of K,yiv therapeutic school? 6. Who was the initiator | in establishing the Institute of Clinical Medicine? 7. What does histo-Jrically authentic diorama "Medical Help at Sevastopol Defence" | reflect? 8. What is the central section of the museum exposition devoted | to? 9. Which diorama is there in the next expositional hall? 10. What ^ell-known scientists headed different scientific schools?

TEXT C І IX. Read and retell the, text:

^ ACADEMICIAN FILATOV'S RESEARCH

The Institute of Eye diseases named after V. P. Filatov in Odesa Is one of the largest clinics in Ukraine. It was Academician V. P. Fi­latov who founded this Institute and was its director during many years. The famous scientist V. P. Filatov has made some valuable Inventions in medicine which are widely used in medical practice.

The idea of tissue therapy grew out of clinical and experimental investigation of problems connected with transplanting the cornea. Before Filatov many scientists thought that in order to transplant the cornea successfully, the fresh tissue of a living person had to be used or it was removed from the eye of the deceased immediately after death. Filatov did just the opposite. He took tissue from corpses but he first kept it for several days in a cold place.

Extensive clinical and laboratory research enabled Academician Filatov to establish that when the tissue is separated from the orga­nism and placed in an unfavourable environment, it is subjected .to biochemical changes. In this case the cooled tissue cells make a last «•ffort, as it were to prolong their life and produce ^substances that increase the tissue's power of endurance tremendously. These sub-ttlances produced by living tissue on the.ver^e of death Academician I''ilatov called "biogenic stimulators". AcafS^ician Filatov subjected to use leaves of aloe, agave, and plantain cr-<-"! the tops of sugar beets to a "blackout" for obtaining from them preparations containing bio-geilic stimulators. His research fully confirmed the presence of bio-gtllic stimulators in the tissue treated according to His method.

The theory of biogenic stimulators throws new light on the entire process of curing a patient by transplanting tissue.

R Academician Filatov obtained tissue therapy preparations from rdicinal mud, silt from fresh-water lakes and other material contain-g tin¹ remains of animal or plant organisms too. II has been observed that all the patients to whom tissue has been show their, improved spirits, their appetite improves and p.ain

Hi

disappears. At present this method is widely used in many clinics in

conjunction with other methods of treatment accepted for the given disease.

NOTES

valuable invention цінний винахід tissue f'lisju;J тканина cornea роговиця

deceased [drsbt] покійний corpse fii3:ps] труп

environment [in'vaiaranmant] оточення, середовище

to produce substances виробляти речо­вини (субстанції)

endurance [m'djuarsnsi витривалість,

МІЦНІСТЬ

verge [v3:d3J край, межа, leaves of aloe листя алое silt мул

X. Answer the following questions:

1. Who founded the Institute of Eye diseases in Odesa? 2. Are Aca­demician Filatov's inventions used in medical practice? 3. What did many scientists think about transplanting the cornea? 4. What did Filatov do with the tissue? 5. What did Filatov's research enable him to establish? 6. What did he subject to use for obtaining prepara­tions containing biogenic stimulators? 7. What did Academician Filatov obtain tissue therapy preparations from?