7. Study the following groups of words that are often misused. Explain their meaning and give your own examples illustrating their use.

1/ Accede, exceed, succeed; 2/ access, accession; 3/ act, action;

4/ adapt, adept, adopt; 5/ admission, admittance; 6/ casual, causal, casualty.

Writing

1. Translate into Ukrainian.

Among the first official documents in the legislation of the human rights there can be cited the following: "Magna Charta Libertatum", "The Petitions of Rights", "Habeas Corpus Act", "Bill of Rights" and "Declaration of the human and citizens' rights". The event that grounded the bases of the next theories on the protection of human being happened in the Middle Eve together with the appearance of a remarkable document "Magna Charta Libertatum (July 19, 1215), obtained by the English barons and bishops in their revolt against Stateless John. The 63 articles were actually dedicated to the feudal rights, the freedoms of the church and cities, and against the king's abuses. This document had a double significance: a) it was in the form of a contract between the king's and the barons' parties, thus contributing to the theory of the social contract; b) it contained certain provisions which several centuries later, inspired such documents as "The Petitions of Rights" (June 7, 1628), addressed to the king by the Parliament and "Habeas Corpus Act", a law imposed by the English Parliament on May 26, 1979, considered as the second English Constitution after "Magna Charta". Habeas Corpus Act, (the translation of the expression "Habeas corpus sub-jiciendum" would be "that you dispose of your body in order to present before the judge") which was voted during Charles in times, interdicted any arbitrary arrest. It imposed the obligation that the arrested person is presented within a three-day term before a judge, thus ensuring the independence towards the executive. Habeas Corpus is always cited as an angular stone beneficial for a country in regard with the observance of the public freedoms.

2. Imagine you are the representative of the International Institute of Human Rights based in Strasbourg. You have been invited for a meeting with law students. Some questions you’ve received in advance. Write your answers.

1/ What is a human right?

2/ Is a ‘freedom’ the same as a ‘right’?

3/ Why should we respect the rights of a criminal who has tortured, raped and murdered people?

4/ How can we say we are equal? We are quite different!

SECTION 2:

Human rights in international law

Before you read

Discuss these questions:

1. Do you agree that the denial of the most basic civil and political rights and freedoms is the result of economic under-development? Argue your answer.

2. Do you agree that economic, social and cultural rights should come before civil and political rights; that a person's right to eat is more important than another person's freedom of expression? Argue your answer.

Key vocabulary:

commitment to, historically unprecedented, massacres, genocide, egregious violations, Holocaust, to entrust with the responsibility, individual petition, to lodge a complaint, alleged violations, preliminary examination, to determine admissibility, friendly settlement, respondent State, compulsory jurisdiction, final, binding adjudication, to retain the confidence.

Read and translate the texts: