Vocabulary and grammar work

1. Write 10 questions ( 5 types) to the following text.

In general, contracts may be oral or written. They may even be implied from conduct. In every day’s life most contracts are oral. Many of contracts are made by telephone. Some contracts are made and carried out in a single face-to-face conversation. For example, in the sale or purchase of goods, payment for services the agreement is made. A person may take a job, rent an apartment, and enter many other business agreements without the formality of writing a contract. Sometimes conduct alone is sufficient. For example, a person may stop a bus, board it, deposit the proper coins, and later get off. No words are spoken or written by either passenger or driver, yet there is a valid contract. There are, however, certain important kinds of contracts which will not be enforced in court unless some properly signed writing proves their existence.

Even when a written contract is not required by law, it is often wise to put the agreement in writing and have a signed copy for each party. This is particularly true if the agreement is complex and contains many details, which could lead to later misunderstandings. It also is important when large sums of money or long periods of time are involved. In such cases, it is advantageous for both parties to express their intentions with reasonable precision in written form. In this way, the agreement can be easily referred to or readily proved if necessary. The chance of later confusion or disagreement is greatly reduced. Neither party can effectively deny having agreed to particular terms. Also, the process of putting ideas into writing encourages the parties to anticipate and provide for problems that could arise later. It is usually easier to settle such matters before either party signs and while both parties are inclined to compromise in order to conclude the agreement. Later, each party tends to demand strict performance of the terms.

2. Put the verbs in brackets into the proper tense forms, translate the sentences into Ukrainian. Breach of a Contract

When a contract 1 (to make), the parties take on certain duties or obligations. Discharge of contract (termination of obligations) 2 ( to occur) when one party 3 ( not perform) the contract as promised, or when parties 4 ( to release) from their responsibilities by the other parties or by law. Generally contracts 5 ( to discharge) by performance. Partial performance 6 (not discharge) the obligation. Frequently, complex contracts 7 ( to discharge) by substantial performance. This 8 (to occur) when there 9 ( to be) only a minor modification or failure to fulfill all terms of the contract. The performance 10 (to be) incomplete but substantial. An appropriate allowance 11 ( to make) in the amount to cover the deviation. If the deviation 12 (to deliberate), the suffered party may treat it as a breach. Failure to perform contractual clauses 13 ( to be) a breach of contract; this 14 (to give) the suffered party the right to cancel the agreement. Sometimes a party who defaults (fails to perform obligations) 15 ( to notify) the other party about impossibility to perform any article of the contract. This 16 (to call) an anticipatory breach of contract. The suffered party may 17 (to wait) the promised time of performance, or it may 18 (to treat) the default as a breach of contract and immediately sue for damages.