2. Supply the prepositions.

1. ______ general, the same types _____ fraud schemes ______have victimized consumers and investors _______ many years before the creation ______ the Internet are now appearing online (sometimes ________ particular refinements that are unique _______ Internet technology).

2. ______ the explosive growth ______ the Internet, and e-commerce ______ particular, online criminals try to present fraudulent schemes ________ ways that look, _________ much as possible, like the goods and services that the vast majority _________ legitimate e-commerce merchants offer.

3. ______ the process, they not only cause harm ______ consumers and investors, ________ also undermine consumer confidence ________legitimate e-commerce and the Internet.

3. Put the verbs in brackets into the proper tense forms.

Market Manipulation Schemes.

1. Enforcement actions by the Securities and Exchange Commission and criminal prosecutions ( to indicate) that criminals (to use ) two basic methods for trying to manipulate securities markets for their personal profit.

2. First, in so-called "pump-and-dump" schemes, they typically (to disseminate) false and fraudulent information in an effort (to cause) dramatic price increases in thinly traded stocks or stocks of shell companies (the "pump"), then immediately (to sell) off their holdings of those stocks (the "dump") (to realize) substantial profits before the stock price ( to fall) back to its usual low level.

3. Any other buyers of the stock who (to be) unaware of the falsity of the information (to become) victims of the scheme once the price falls.

4. For example, in one federal prosecution in Los Angeles, the defendants allegedly ( to purchase), directly and through another man, a total 130,000 shares in a bankrupt company, which assets ( to liquidate) several months earlier.

Writing

a/ Translate into Ukrainian.

It happens every day. Thousands of people are notified by mail that they have won a free prize. Usually, it's a postcard notice that says your prize will be one of four or five "valuable" items - a new car, a vacation, a color television, or a $1,000 savings bond. Major companies sometimes give away expensive items in special promotions, but they usually don't notify winners with a postcard. Typically, these notices are mailed by con artists whose sole purpose is to rip you off.

If you contact the company by phone, as the postcard will tell you to do, your "free" prize could end up costing you hundreds of dollars. The following examples illustrate the point. A man in San Mateo, California, paid $398 for "shipping charges" to receive a "free" 1988 Pontiac automobile. Needless to say, he got nothing. A Bergen County, New Jersey, resident paid a $69 "shipping and handling charge" to get his "free" $1,000 savings bond (with a maturity of some 30 years). He could have bought the same bond from the U.S. Government for only $50.

Often you never get a prize. If you do get one, it typically is an inferior, overpriced, or grossly misrepresented piece of merchandise. For example, an "all terrain vehicle" turned out to be a lawn chair with wheels, a "sport fishing boat" was an inflatable raft, and a "genuine fur coat" was a dyed rabbit pelt worth about $30. Beware if the notice lists nice-sounding prizes like "designer" or "diamond" watches. They are likely to be cheap or practically worthless junk.

b/ Comment on your actions if you are informed that you have won a free prize. (150 words)

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