3. Supply the prepositions and postpositions.

1. Many ________the small players are now cleaning ______ their ace, partly because ________ pressure ________ industrialized countries and an organization called the Financial Action Task Force.

2. The FATF is a small group _______ Paris tasked ______ Western governments to come______ ________ strategies _______ tackling money laundering.

3. It recommends best practice, backs research ______ typologies - the techniques the crooks use - and audits the performance _______ its 30-odd members.

4. And now it has a new task: helping its members track terrorist financing

The problem here is_______ while money laundering has to start _______ a

crime, much _______ the money thought to be used _________ terrorists comes _______ legitimate sources - __________ drugs, kidnapping, bank robberies, extortion and other crimes are sources __________ funding as well.

5. So there may not always be a whiff _______ smoke to alert the investigators.

4. Read , translate and analyze the text: Money Laundering Methods

How the basic steps mentioned in the Stages of the Process are used depends on the available laundering mechanisms and the requirements of the criminal organizations. The table below provides some typical examples.

 

Placement Stage	Layering Stage	Integration Stage
Cash paid into bank (sometimes with staff complicity or mixed with proceeds of legitimate business).	Wire transfers abroad (often using shell companies or funds disguised as proceeds of legitimate business).	False loan repayments or forged invoices used as cover for laundered money.
Cash exported	Cash deposited in overseas banking system.	Complex web of transfers (both domestic and international) makes tracing original source of funds virtually impossible.
Cash used to buy high value goods, property or business assets.	Resale of goods/assets.	Income from property or legitimate business assets appears "clean".

 

These are a small selection of the ways that people clean their "dirty money". However, these schemes are still being used on unsuspecting businesses as even though the authorities know about them, not many people do, or even have access to this type of information.

 

5. Render the text Money Laundering Methods, using the active vocabulary of the unit. Writing

1. Translate into Ukrainian.

An A-Z of Money Laundering ( the end )

That makes the task more difficult for law enforcement and financial institutions, which are worried that they could run into a legal minefield if they are asked to extend their definitions of "suspicious behavior" too far.

In addition, the sums required for terrorism are often relatively small when compared to the multi-billion-dollar global laundering industry. $50,000 are relatively easy to hide in a legitimate business's accounts. And there are widespread suspicions that charities are abused to act as conduits for terrorist funding. Many of the groups on the US and UK watch-lists published after the 11 September attacks are Islamic charities - and many of them are protesting loudly that not only are they unjustly accused, but that the accusation is stopping them from serving the needy they are set up to help.

Off the books

In any case, not all smuggled money -whether laundered or for terrorist consumption - has to pass through the mainstream western banking system.

SECTION 3: