Сонанты:

1) [ n ] – переднеязычный апикально - альвеолярный смычный носовой.

2) [ m ] – губно-губной смычный носовой сонант.

3) [ j ] – среднеязычный палатальный щелевой сонант.

4) [ l ] – переднеязычный апикально – альвеолярный щелевой боковой сонант. Существует два аллофона: светлый и тёмный. Светлый оттенок [ l ] звучит перед гласными и перед согласным [ j ], а тёмный – на конце слов и перед согласными.

5) [ r ] – переднеязычный какуминальный заальвеолярный срединный щелевой сонант.

6) [ ŋ ] – заднеязычный смычный носовой сонант. Не употребляется в начале слова.

7) [ w ] – губно-губной заднеязычный срединный щелевой сонант. При его произнесении одновременно с выпячиванием губ поднимается задняя спинка языка. Наличие второго фокуса придает звуку твёрдую окраску.

Согласные:

а) парные:

1) [ f ], [ v ] – губно-зубные щелевые фрикативные согласные. [ f ] – глухой, [ v ] – звонкий.

2) [ t ], [ d ] – переднеязычные альвеолярные смычно-взрывные согласные. [ t ] – глухой, сильный; [ d ] – звонкий, слабый.

3) [ s ], [ z ] – переднеязычные альвеолярные фрикативные щелевые согласные.

4) [ p ], [ b ] – губно-губные смычно-взрывные согласные.

5) [ k ], [ g ] – заднеязычные смычно-взрывные согласные.

6) [ ʃ ], [ ʒ ] – переднеязычные альвеолярные щелевые фрикативные согласные со средним фокусом.

7) [ tʃ ], [ dʒ ] – переднеязычные альвеолярно-палатальные аффрикаты

8) [ θ ], [ ð ] – переднеязычные апикально-межзубные щелевые фрикативные согласные.

б) непарные:

1) [ h ] – фарингальный щелевой глухой согласный. Встречается только перед гласными звуками.

§ 3. Скороговорки

1. [ æ ]

A black cat sat on a mat and rapidly ate the rat.

2. [ b ]

Betty Botta bought some butter

"But," she said, "This butter's bitter!

But a bit of better butter will make my butter better."

So she bought a bit of butter

Better than the bitter butter,

And it made her butter better.

So it was better Betty Botta

Bought a bit of better butter.

3. [ b ]

A big black bug beat a big black bear.

A big black bear beat a big black bug.

4. [ s, ʃ ]

She sells shells on the sea-shore.

The shells she sells on the sea-shore are sea shells.

For if she sells shells on the sea-shore,

The shells she sells on the sea-shore are sea shells I'm sure.

5. [ p ]

Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.

A peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked.

If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers,

Where's the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked?

6. [ w, ð ]

Whether the weather be fine

Or whether the weather be not,

Whether the weather be cold

Or whether the weather be hot,

We`ll weather the weather

Whatever the weather

Whether we like it or not.

7. [ w, ð ]

When the weather is wet

We mustn`t fret,

When the weather is warm

We mustn`t storm,

When the weather is cold

We mustn`t scold,

But be thankful together

Whatever the weather.

8. [ w, ð ]

Whether it rains,

Or whether it snows,

We shall have weather,

Whether or no

9. [ w, ð ]

We wonder whether the wether will weather the weather

Or whether the weather the wether will kill?

10. [ ɒ ]

All I want is a proper cup of coffee,

Made in a proper copper coffee-pot.

I may be off my dot

But I want a cup of coffee

From a proper copper coffee-pot.

Tin coffee-pots and iron coffee-pots,

They're no use to me.

If I can't have a proper cup of coffee

From a proper copper coffee-pot

I'll have a cup of tea!

11. [ d, ɒ ]

When a doctor doctors a doctor,

Does the doctor doing the doctoring

Doctor as the doctor being doctored wants to be doctored or

Does the doctor doing the doctoring doctor as he wants to doctor?

12. [ w, ʧ ]

How much wood would a wood-chuck chuck if a wood-chuck would chuck wood?

13. [ w, ʃ ]

I wish to wish the wish you wish to wish,

But if you wish the wish the witch wishes to wish,

I won't wish the wish you wish to wish.

14. [ ɪ ]

Six sick hicks nick six slick bricks with picks and sticks.

15. [ θ ]

I can think of six thin things. Can you?

Yes, I can think of six thin things and of six thick things too.

16. [ θ ]

Fifths are hard to say...

A nimble tongue they need.

And sixths, and sevenths,

And eighths, and ninths

Are very hard indeed.

17. [ ð ]

This is used for one thing here

That means something over there,

These and those mean two or more,

Those are far and these are near.

18. [ ʤ ]

Can you imagine an imaginary menagerie manager

Imagining managing in an imaginary menagerie?

19. [ ʤ ]

Jump the rope, jump the rope,

Jump, jump, jump!

Jump it high, jump it low,

Jump, jump, jump!

Jump it fast, jump it slow,

Jump, jump, jump!

Jump again – out you go,

Jump, jump, jump!

20. [ s, ʃ ]

The sixth sheik`s sheep is sick.

Six silly sisters selling shiny shoes.

Sunshine city (3 times).

21. [ t, uː ]

A tutor who tutored the flute

Tried to teach two young tooters to toot

Said the two to the tutor

«Is it harder to toot, or

For the tutor two tooters to tute?»

Beautiful blue balloons (3 times).

22. [ w, aɪ, ɪ ]

Why do you cry, Willie?

Why do you cry?

Why, Willie, why, Willie?

Why, Willie, why?

23. [ ʊ, ŋ ]

Good morning! Good morning!

Good morning to you!

Good morning! Good morning!

We are glad to see you!

24. [ ŋ ]

The singers sang a nice song –

Ting-a-long, ting-a-long.

A nice song the singers sang –

Ting-a-long, ting-a-long.

The song they sang was very long –

Ting-a-long, ting-a-long.

Ting-a-ting-a long.

25. [ r ]

Round and round the rugged rock

The ragged rascal ran,

How many R's are in that?

Now tell me if you can.

26. [ r ]

Robert Rowley rolled a round roll 'round;

A round roll Robert Rowley rolled 'round;

If Robert Rowley rolled a round roll 'round,

Where`s the round roll Robert Rowley rolled 'round?

Red lorry, yellow lorry (3 times).

27. [ fl ]

A flea and a fly in a flue.

Were imprisoned. So what could they do?

Said the flea, "Let us fly!"

Said the fly, "Let us flee!

So they flew through a flaw in the flue.

28. [ g, gr ]

Three gray geese in the green grass grazing.

Grey were the geese and green was the grassing.

29. [ ʧ, ʃ ]

If a dog chews shoes

What shoes would he choose to chew?

Too few for sure.

You`re a choosy shoe-chewer.

30. [ θ, tr ]

If a three – month truce

Is a truce in truth ,

Is the truth of a truce in truth

A three – month truce?

31. [ eɪ ]

My dame has a lame tame crane,

My dame has a crane that is lame,

Let my dame`s tame crane

Feed and come home again.

32. [ sw ]

Swan swam over the sea,

Swim, swan, swim.

Swan swam back again,

Well swum, swan!

33. [ sw, ŋ ]

Oh, swing the king and swing the queen,

Oh, swing them round and round the green.

Oh, swing them round and round the green.

Oh, swing them round the green.

34. [aI]

No need to light a light on a light night like tonight.

35. [I:], [e]

Each Easter Eddie eats Easter eggs.

36. [w], [v]

William always wears a very warm woolen vest in winter.

37. [h]

Hello! Here’s Henry the Happy Hippopotamus.

38. [tw]

Twelve twins twirled twelve twigs.

39. All sounds

Yellow butter, purple jelly, red jam, brown bread.

Spread it thick, say it quick.

Yellow butter, purple jelly, red jam, brown bread.

Spread it thicker, say it quicker.

Yellow butter, purple jelly, red jam, brown bread.

Now repeat it while you eat it.