G. Gain Staging

For more on this, see here.

Many patches will have two or more gain/distortion stages. For instance, you may use a distortion effect, pre-amp distortion, and power amp distortion. This means you have to consider the signal level you feed each stage, how distorted the signal is when it reaches each stage, and how much gain to use on that stage.

I find I usually want a distortion effect to add a little compression and maybe a tiny bit of dirt to the signal, I want the pre-amp to provide the brunt of my distortion, and the power amp to maybe add a tiny bit of compression and/or distortion on top. Sometimes I take a different route, though, getting the brunt of my gain from a distortion effect or from the amp model's power section.

The key to finding the right tone is to experiment with the relative gain and output levels of all these stages. Sometimes you get a different tone using more output level from a distortion effect and less Drive on the pre-amp, even though the overall amount of distortion is the same. I also find distortion stages can sound overly thin or outright buggy when their Drive levels are set very low - I always try to keep them off 0%, and in the case of Marshall amps, try to keep them over 20%.

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H. Eq Effects Roundup

For more detail on EQ effects, see the EQ'ing Page.

Q Filter

Probably the best way to pre-eq an amp or distortion effect. Use as band-pass with low Q to boost the amp. Dial in the frequency you want with the mix level you want. Increase Q to make the tone sound more focused but it'll start sounding more like a wah pedal as you go higher. Gain compresses the frequencies - this can help draw out the focused frequencies at lower levels or add more saturation to a distorted tone but can kill too much dynamics if too high.

Parametric EQ

The Lows and Highs parameters control shelf filters with fixed Q and cutoff frequency. They can help even out a tone, but don't rely too much on them. Frequency goes from 60 HZ to ~ 5000 HZ, with ~900 HZ at 50%. Low Q = wide boost/cuts, high Q = narrow. This effect is very useful for narrow cuts, to remove a fizz or harsh spot. It also works well for pre-EQ'ing, as you can dial in a nice mid-range hump in the exact sweet spot to get the distortion tone you want. It's also useful if you need to adjust a nice chunk of frequencies that fit between any two of the amp EQ controls. I find I often boost the punch or warmth that lies between the bass and mids knobs.

Mid-Focus EQ

This is useful to trim or roll-off the high and low ends of the tone. This is useful for both pre-EQ'ing and post-EQ'ing. I find it's necessary when using the SM57 on axis mic, especially with the Hiway 4x12, to get rid of the crackly high-end. The Gain parameter is a final output level, and has no control over how much filtering the EQ actually does. 50% Q is a quick drop off. Moving the Q higher will make the drop-off steeper, but also ends up boosting at the cut-off frequency (which may produce the opposite effect that you intended). 0% Q is a gradual roll-off. HP freq goes from 0-525 HZ; LP goes from 500-18,000 HZ - this is the only EQ that lets you really fine-tune the ultra high-end.

Studio EQ

Basically two parametric EQ's, but you cannot control Q (which is set to be quite wide) and have a limited number of center frequencies to choose from. It is most useful as a post-EQ to balance the tone when you need to get in between the amp's bass/mids/presence/treble controls. The Gain parameter boosts/cuts independent of the filtering, so I actually like this effect for a clean boost or otherwise to adjust the signal level without regard to EQ'ing.

Graphic EQ

5-band graphic EQ. Notice the highest adjustable frequency is 2200 HZ. This EQ is not suitable for fine-tuning presence or treble after the amp. It works best for pre-EQ'ing. Also, notice that even with completely neutral settings, it tends to brighten the signal a tad. It is useful where you want a W or otherwise irregularly-shaped curve - if you just want a simple hump or valley, use the Parametric EQ.

4-band Shift EQ

I never use this. It's kind of awkward and covers a lot of the same ground as the amp's bass/mids/presence/treble controls. See the EQ Page for more details.

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