21. The importance of “Literaturno-naukovyi vistnyk” (a Herald of Literature and Scholarship”) in the dissemination of World Literature in Ukraine.

A monthly journal published in 1898–1906 in Lviv, in 1907–14 and 1917–19 in Kyiv, and in 1922–32 again in Lviv. It was founded on the initiative of Mykhailo Hrushevsky as the organ of the Shevchenko Scientific Society (NTSh), incorporating the journals Zoria (Lviv) (published by the NTSh) and Zhytie i slovo (published by O. Franko). From 1905 it was published by the Ukrainian-Ruthenian Publishing Company. LNV became the foremost literary-scientific journal of the day. The editorial board consisted of Mykhailo Hrushevsky (editor in chief), Ivan Franko, Oleksander Borkovsky, and Osyp Makovei. The latter two soon resigned and were replaced by Volodymyr Hnatiuk. The de facto editor during the first period of LNV in Lviv was Franko, who published a large number of his own poems, stories, and tales therein, as well as literary critiques, history articles, and reviews. He also obtained the collaboration of leading writers from all parts of Ukraine, including established writers, such as Volodymyr Vynnychenko, Mykola Vorony, Borys Hrinchenko, Ivan Karpenko-Kary, Ahatanhel Krymsky, Volodymyr M. Leontovych, Lesia Ukrainka, Marko Cheremshyna, Mykhailo Yatskiv, and Olha Kobylianska.After the Revolution of 1905, when publication in Ukrainian became possible in Russian-ruled Ukraine, Hrushevsky transferred LNV to Kyiv, where he took over the editorial responsibility and published his own belletristic works, signed ‘M.Z.’ (Mykhailo Zavoloka), publicistic articles, reports, and reviews. So that the circulation of LNV could be extended to Galicia and Bukovyna, the journal was sent in folio to Lviv, where it was then bound at the NTSh shop. Later the Lviv editorial office was created and managed by Mykola Yevshan. Until the beginning of the First World War LNV played an important part in uniting the cultural forces that had been separated in consequence of the division of Ukraine between the Russian Empire and Austro-Hungarian Empire.In 1914, like all Ukrainian press, LNV was banned. When the tsarist regime fell in 1917, the journal resumed publication under the editorship of Oleksander Hrushevsky. New contributors included Pavlo Tychyna, Maksym Rylsky and others. Conditions in Kyiv, however, were unfavorable for its progress, and in 1920 LNV was again banned, this time by the Soviet authorities. In 1922 LNV was revived in Lviv with the financial support of former Sich Riflemen. The editorial committee consisted ofVolodymyr Hnatiuk, Volodymyr Doroshenko, Mykhailo Halushchynsky, Yevhen Konovalets, Yulian Pavlykovsky, and Ivan A. Rakovsky, and was headed by Dmytro Dontsov. The idea behind the revival of LNV was to unite all the literary forces in Western Ukrainian territories and in the diaspora that defended a Ukrainian national standpoint. Former eminent contributors were followed by younger collaborators, such as Bohdan Ihor Antonych, Yevhen Malaniuk, Yurii Lypa, Oleh Olzhych.The editorial board, however, progressively ceased to function, and Dontsov, the editor in chief, caused a portion of the collaborators to quit because of his nationalistic ideological attitude. The declining artistic standard of the journal, combined with financial difficulties, caused LNV to cease publication at the end of 1932. Dontsov thereupon began publishing his own journal Vistnyk. In 1948–9 two more issues of LNV appeared in Regensburg, edited by V. Shulha.The first 20 volumes of LNV were catalogued by Vasyl Domanytsky in 1903. B. Yasinsky later (2000) compiled an index of the entire edition.

22. VSESVIT  is a Ukrainian periodical that publishes exclusive translations of world classics and contemporary works of literature, covers different aspects of cultural, artistic, social, and political life in all parts of the world.

Vsesvit monthly is the oldest and the most recognized Ukrainian literary journal founded in 1925 by the prominent Ukrainian writers - Vasyl Ellan-Blakytnyi,Mykola Khvliovyi and Oleksander Dovzhenko. More than 500 novels, 1000 poetry collections, short stories, and plays, hundreds of essays, reviews, interviews with prominent writers from more than a hundred countries were translated from more than 84 different languages and published in Vsesvit during the past 80 years of its existence.

VSESVIT is known for featuring One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel Garcia-Marques, The Godfather and The Last Don by Mario Puzo, or brilliant Ukrainian translations of Sir William Golding, George Orwell, as well as oeuvres of Kafka, Zweig, Bekket, Faulkner, Joyce, Hemingway, and bestsellers of Christie, King, Vidal, Haley, along with works of other writers. Thanks to the titanic endeavors of the staff, Vsesvit was the first to introduce these writers to the Ukrainian public (as well as former Soviet public in general) and to publish Ukrainian translations. Vsesvit also gave rise to a school of Ukrainian translators and scholars known in our country and abroad.

Ars Translationis, a prestigious literary prize to commemorate famous Ukrainian translator Mykola Lukash, has been instituted by Vsesvit journal since 1995.

Rilke, Rainer Maria, b 4 December 1875 in Prague, d 29 December 1926 in Val-Mont, Switzerland. Austro-German poet, acclaimed especially for his collections «Duineser Elegien» («Дуїнянські Елегії») (1923) and «Die Sonette an Orpheus» («Сонети до Орфея»)(1923). His poetry, characterized by a subtle symbolism and by its profoundly philosophical reflection on self and world, influenced the development of literary modernism, not least in Ukraine.

Rilke's journeys to the Russian Empire in the spring of 1899 and summer of 1900 were an early and formative experience. The second took him south from Moscow to Ukraine, where he visited Kyiv, Kaniv (Taras Shevchenko's grave on Chernecha Hill), and Poltava. Rilke is known to have been interested at the time in the early, thematically Ukrainian stories of Mykola Hohol, and to have acquired a copy of Shevchenko's Kobzar in Russian translation.

Thematic echoes of the Ukrainian journey can be found in «Das Buch von der Pilgerschaft» («Книга Прощ») which forms the second part of «Das Stunden-Buch» ( «З книги годин») (1905) and in two prose works from «Geschichten vom lieben Gott» («розповіді про милого Бога») (1900)

Rilke also translated the medieval epic «Slovo o polku Ihorevim » (The Tale of Ihor's Campaign, 1902–4).

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Selections of Rilke's poems was translated into Ukrainian by Bohdan Kravtsiv: «Objects and Images» (“Речі та образи) ”(1947) and Moisei Fishbein: «A Hundred Poems» ( «Сто поезій»), 2012). Yurko Prokhasko’s Ukrainian translation of Rilke's novel «The Notebooks of Malte Laurids Brigge» (“Нотатки Мальте Лявридса Бригге”) was published in Kyiv in 2010. Other translators of Rilke’s poetry have included Mykola Zerov, Maik Yohansen, Ostap Lutsky, Yurii Lypa, Yurii Klen, Leonid Mosendz, Mykhailo Orest, Mykola Bazhan, Ihor Kostetsky, Leonid Pervomaisky, Oleh Zuievsky, Rudnytskyi, Vasyl Stus, and Yuri Andrukhovych.

One of the best translators and adherents of Rilke's creative activity were Pavlo Tychyna and Mykola Bazhan. The most popular is the translation of the poem “Silence” (“Тиша”) from Rilke’s collection “Buch der Bilder” (“Книга образів”)

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