Metrology in Society

Sufficiently correct measurements are essential to commerce. About nine out of every ten people working in metrology specialize in commercial measurement, most at the technician level. Correct measurements are beneficial to manufacturing, but other methods are available and sometimes are more appropriate.

Metrology has thrived at the interface between science and manufacturing. Aerospace, commercial nuclear power, medicine, medical devices and semiconductors rely on metrology to translate theoretical science into mass produced reality.

The basic concepts of metrology are deceptively simple. Metrology is seldom recognized for its significance and is rarely taught in a systematic manner above the technician level. Within most businesses, metrology core beliefs such as recording all setups and observations for possible future reference are opposed to the general business practice of minimizing recordkeeping to limit litigation effects.

The nature of engineering and engineering education in general is changing. Judgment development will replace skills conclusively yielded to computers between 1960 and 2000. Hopefully, metrology will take its rightful place in judgment development in the future.

20. Say where the presented information can be used.

21. Speak on one of the following points to your partner.

1. Correct measurements are beneficial to manufacturing.

2. Metrology has thrived at the interface between science and manufacturing.

3. Metrology is seldom recognized for its significance.

4. The role of metrology in judgment development.

Unit VII wireless and wired networks

Part A

Word List

accomplish	/q'kPmplIS/	выполнять, совершать
bandwidth	/'bxndwidT/	полоса частот, полоса пропускания, ширина полосы
branch	/brQ:ntS/	отделение, филиал, подразделение
forgo	/fO:'gqu/	отказываться, воздерживаться
deploy	/dI'plPI/	развертывать, использовать
dial-up	/'daIqlAp/	дисковый набор
eliminate	/I'lImIneIt/	устранять, исключать
emerge	/Imq:dZ/	появляться, возникать
foot the bill	/'futDq'bIl/	брать расходы на себя, расплачиваться
gobble	/'gPbl/	поглощать
intercept	/'Intqsept/	перехватывать (сигнал), добывать незаконным путем (информацию)
intrude	/In'tru:d/	вторгаться
linger	/'lINgq/	засиживаться, задерживаться
obstruction	/qb'strAkSqn/	препятствие, затруднение
outlet	/'autlet/	торговая точка, магазин
power drain	/'pauq'dreIn/	потребление мощности
sophisticated	/sq'fIstIkeItId/	сложный, современный, передовой
stall	/stO:l/	останавливаться, стопориться
tech-savvy	/'tek'sxvI/	сообразительный, находчивый, смышленый
vendor	/'vendO:/	продавец, торговец
Wi-Fi hot sport		точка беспроводного доступа в Интернет

1. A. Complete the parts of the table where you see dots (…).

Verb	Noun	Noun agent	Adjective
to connect	…	…	...
…	…	supporter	…
…	…	…	productive
…	installation	…
…	…	subscriber
to apply	…		…
…	encryption	…
…	…	employer	…
to deploy	deployment		…
…	…	provider
to receive	…	…	…
…	intrusion	…
to intercept	…	…	…
…	…	…	maintainable

B. Complete the table below.

accomplish
	operation
construct
	decryption
add
involve
	emergence
allow
require
	prevention

2. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the words in bold type.

1. Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) also prevent the data from being intercepted by unauthorized third parties.

2. Small businesses can install either a software-based VPN on their servers or an appliance that requires minimal IT skills for installation and maintenance.

3. Some vendors offer easy-to-use plug-n-play appliances that don't require sophisticated skills to install and maintain them.

4. You are using VPNs because you want round-the-clock access to your company data.

5. Subscribing to VPN services also eliminates the need for any internal IT staff to manage the VPNs.

3. Find out the equivalents to the following words and word combinations in paragraphs 2 and 3 of the text below.

Кодирование, удаленный, обеспечивать, рентабельный, сеть общего пользования, вторжение, предрасположенный, дорогостоящий, выполнять, дополнительный уровень, поэтому.

4. Match the words with their definitions.

1) VPN a) a new network technology that supports

2) remote access multiprotocol virtual networks;

3) encrypting b) to copy or transfer (data or a program) into the

4) download memory of one's own computer from another

5) firewall computer or the Internet;

6) tunneling protocol c) a network that uses the Internet to transfer

information using secure methods;

d) a computer system that isolates another computer

from the Internet in order to prevent unauthorized

access;

e) an access to a computer from a physically separate

terminal;

f) putting (a message) into code.

5. Read the text and find the definition of a VPN.

6. Read the subtitles and name the key points raised in the text.