III. Writing

Write a message (60–80 words) to your pen friend about your favourite holiday. Use the prompts given below:

• what your favourite holiday is;

• how your family and friends celebrate this holiday;

• say why you like this holiday.

Examination card № 9

I. Reading

Read the text. Match the statements (A–G) to the names (1–4). Sometimes there is more than one answer possible. There is one extra statement that you don’t need.

Public school in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries consisted of many students of different ages who were learning together in a one-room school house. Their educa­tion lasted only a few weeks a year, usually during the winter when their services were not required on the family farm. Teachers were mostly untrained, and educational ma­terials were limited.

1. Having started in a one-room schoolhouse, Horace Mann struggled to become educated. He eventually rose to the position of state senator where he began a lifelong crusade to improve public education.

2. John Dewey (1859–1952) believed that children should learn through experience based on children’s psychological development and guided by a knowledgeable teacher.

3. Maria Montessori (1870–1952) pioneered a type of education named after her where students direct their own learning based on their interests and development.

4. Jean Piaget (1896–1980) developed the groundwork for the theory of cognitive development in children. While some of Piaget’s stages have since been altered by other research, his theory that children develop in stages and through sociological methods was the first of its kind and made a big impact on how children are educated.

Which of the following…?

A was sure that only teachers know what’s best for every child

B paid special attention to the children’s interests

C believed that other people influence the development of a personality

D wrote about different stages of education

E wanted to make public education better

F thought that much of our education is gained through our experience

G gave the name to a teaching method

II. Use of english

Read the text and then select the correct answer A, B, C or D

The USA

The United States became the world's first modern (1)_____ after its (2) _____ with Great Britain (1776) and the adoption of a constitution (1789). (3)_____ the 19th century, many new states were (4)_____ to the original 13 as the nation expanded across the North American (5)_____ and acquired a number of (6)_____ possessions. The two major (7)_____ experiences in the nation's history were the Civil War (1861-65) and the Great (8)_____ of the 1930s. Buoyed by (9)_____ in World Wars I and II and the end of the Cold War in 1991, the US remains the world's most powerful nation-state. The economy is marked by (10)_____ growth, low (11)_____ and inflation, and (12)_____ advances in technology.

	A	B	C	D
1.	theocrathy	oligarchy	democracy	democrat
2.	cut	divorce	break	breaking
3.	Through	During	On	While
4.	selected	added	included	bought
5.	country	continent	county	shelf
6.	added	domestic	overseas	abroad
7.	influencing	traumatic	overwhelmed	impressive
8.	Boom	Depression	Recession	Drought
9.	set backs	losses	victories	winnings
10.	vast	steady	longly	short
11.	interest	job rate	employment	unemployment
12.	rapid	hardly	quickly	cumbersome