III. Writing

Write an e-mail (60–80 words) to your friend and tell him/her about your plans for the future. Include the information:

• the place you are going to study at;

• the profession that is after your heart;

• what you are going to do to prepare yourself for your future.

Examination card № 16

I. Reading

Read the text. Four sentences have been removed from it. Choose from the sen­tences (A–E) the one which fits each gap (1–4). There is one extra sentence that you don’t need.

Body suffers ageing symptoms with too little sleep

Sacrificing sleep to longer working hours and nights on the town could bring about changes in the body similar to ageing, according to new medical research.

(1) ..... Although the study was small – 11 young men aged between 18 and 27 took part – it found “striking changes” in the way their bodies functioned.

The scientists suggest that chronic sleep loss could increase the severity of age-related diseases such as diabetes and high blood pressure. (2) ..... Their volunteers bio­logically performed better when they had slept for more than eight hours. Scientists from the department of medicine at the university of Chicago notice that it has become common for people to cut back on their sleep. (3) ..... Many shift workers sleep an aver­age of five hours a night on working days. The 11 young men slept eight hours a night for three nights, then four hours for six nights and then spent 12 hours a night in bed for a further week to recover from the sleep debt. (4) ..... “Less than one week of sleep curtailment in healthy young people is associated with striking changes in metabolic and hormonal function,” the scientists say. Sleep debt “could have long-term negative ef­fects on health. We suspect that chronic sleep loss may not only speed up the onset but could also increase the severity of age-related diseases such as diabetes, high blood pres­sure, obesity and memory loss.”

All these abnormalities faded away when the volunteers spent 12 hours in bed.

Adapted from: The Guardian, October 22, 1999

A What is considered as normal average sleep duration has decreased from about nine hours

a night in 1910 to about 7.5 hours now.

B A study of the effects on the body of the sort of sleep debt that is increasingly common at

the end of the 20th century has had startling results.

C However, most of the volunteers enjoyed participating in the research and did not

complain.

D The six nights of little sleep had a noticeable effect on their bodies.

E They also suggest that young, healthy adults may need more than the standard night’s

sleep.

II. Use of english

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options (A–D) for each gap in the text. There is one example (0) at the beginning.

One of the concerns (1)… parents (2)… about home education is that children

(3)… become isolated, without the chances for social interaction a school provides. Educational psychologists (4)…parents to do all they can to make sure their children have adequate opportunities for socialising with all sorts of children of all different ages. It (5)… children confidence and security, (6)… an ability to think (7)… themselves.

	A	B	C	D
1.	many	a lot	a lots of	a plenty of
2.	rise	have risen	arouse	raise
3.	are able to	could	might have	manage to
4.	insist	suggest	will make	advise
5.	gets	makes	gives	has
6.	as soon as	as long as	as well as	as much as
7.	to	for	on	after