43 Archtype and Ectype words used by Locke: An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, II, XXX-XXXI, to mean "original" and "copy".

44 Esse is Percipi - "to be is to be perceived", Berkeley: Principles of Human Knowledge.

45 if we have one chance out of a hundred of surviving....this "rule" may be derived from Pascal's writings on probability.

46 broaden the minds of his own mountain children to mix with strangers: the extraordinary doctrine (original with Lewis?) that the angels themselves can derive some profit from intercourse with human beings:

47 a new acquaintance...a landowner himself Satan.

48 Peccatum Adae - the sin of Adam.

49 In a country...very complicated rules to keep healthy: when different persons possess different parts of the Moral Law (or Tao), these in differing degrees, and no one possesses all of it, then clearly the moral theology that deals adequately with this situation must be a complex one; the logic of this undoubtedly helped draw Lewis toward traditional Christianity; the point is echoed in Mere Christianity with reference to persons suspicious of theology because of its complexity and subtlety; they would prefer just one simple rule.

50 captain of my soul and master of my fate well-worn lines from William Ernest Henley's poem "Invictus" (=unconquered).

51 cowslip wine see Letters: journal entry for 30 June 1922.

52 Hippocrene a sacred fountain in Boeotia, said to have gushed forth with pure water the moment Pegasus touched his hoof there.

53 Regum oequabit opes animis - "he is equal to a king in the riches of the spirit" (Virgil: Georgics, IV, 132).

54 Omnes eodem cogimur - "we are all being gathered to the same fold" (Horace: Odes, II, iii).

55 quo dives Tullus et Ancus - "whither rich Tullus and Ancus" (i.e.: the land of the dead) (Horace: Odes, IV, vii).

56 nullius addictus - not taking sides; from Horace: Epistles, I i, 14: "nullius addictus iurare in verba magistri" - "I am not bound to swear by the statement of any authority".

57 en deshabille - Fr "in undress", meaning "informally".

58 j'aime le jeu...enfin tout! - "I like games, love, books, music, town and country -- everything, in fact" (Jean de la Fontaine: Psyche, Act I, Sc.2).

59 haud equidem invidee - "I don't hold it against you by any means" (Virgil: Eclogue I, 11).

60 Caelum non animum mutamus - "We change the scenery - not ourselves" (Horace: Epistles, I, xi, 27).

61 immortal longings: Shakespeare: Anthony and Cleopatra: V, ii, 283: all of Mr. Sensible's elegant language is a rehash of bits and pieces he has from elsewhere; when he is not quoting consciously he is doing so unconsciously: the "lengthening of the shadow" and "the turning of the leaf" may well also be from some standard author, as possibly many more phrases in this episode.

62 ulterior shore compare Aeschylus: Seven Against Thebes (1.859): "The shore invisible, the bourne of all".

63 Et ego in Arcadia - "I too was (or 'am') in Arcadia"; this anonymous line is found on numerous tombs, and also on paintings in which tombs are seen: among these, ones by Bartholommeo Schidoni, Nicolas Poussin, and on Sir Joshua Reynold's portrait of Mrs. Crewe; the line is usually interpreted to mean: "I also have lived in Arcady (a lovely rural place in Greece) therefore I also am an idealist;" this is Mr. Sensible's meaning; but it has been taken to mean also, either (1) "I, the dead person, though in the tomb, am still in Arcady," or (2) "I, Death, come even into Arcady."

64 "The Philosophy of all Sensible Men" see headline, page 89.

65 µ________s __o__ - Gk "fleeting pleasure" .

66 Roman emetics parties in Rome often went on for days, and involved eating more than the stomach could digest in the normal way; one procedure was to cause vomiting by having a slave tickle your throat with a red peacock feather, so that--one good meal being out of the way--one could go back and have another; another procedure was to take a emetic potion to induce nausea.

67 proper study of mankind is man a hackneyed line from Pope: An Essay on Man, Epistle ii, 2.

68 Eadem sunt omnia semper - see unlocated quotations, at the end.

69 the unchanging heart: Lewis was interested in the "doctrine of the unchanging human heart" and expressed his disagreement with it in a chapter thus entitled in A Preface to Paradise Lost; the phrase may have been suggested by Browning: Sordello, II: "Would you have your songs endure? Build on the human heart"; of Irving: The Sketch Book: "The Mutabilities of Literature": "There rise authors now and then, who seem proof against the mutability of language, because they have rooted themselves in the unchanging principles of human nature."

70 le bons sens Fr - common sense.

71 bridewell jail (from a London prison called Bridewell).

72 Auream quisquis - (mediocritatem diligit) - "the man who cherishes the golden mean", Horace: Odes, II, x, 5.

73 Do manus - "I give up".

74 Que sais-je? Fr = "What do I know?", the motto of Montaigne, engraved on his personal seal.

75 brown charm compare with John Lyly: Euphues (Arber's reprint, p. 80): "It seems to me that you are in some brown study."

76 the Porch and the Academy The Stoics were so named because their founder, Zeno of Citium, gave his lectures at the stoa (=porch) in Athens; the Academy was a public garden in the suburbs of Athens where Plato started his small school.

77 Dapibus mensas onerbat inemptis - "he loaded his table with delicacies not bought at the store" (Virgil: Georgics IV, 133).

78 his humble sauce a radish or an egg: William Cowper: The Task, Bk IV: The Winter Evening, 172-173.

79 hock A Rhine wing from Hochheim, Germany.

80 The Religion of All Sensible Men: see Emerson: Lecture and Biographical Sketches: "The Preacher": "I see that sensible men and conscientious men all over the world were of one religion of well-doing and daring."

81 "A_a_á_o_s µ__ _p__a __o_s __µ_ _s __á____a_--T_µa Gk = "the most important thing is to honour the gods as is required by law", Pythagorus the "Golden Verses", line 49, from Dacier: Life of Pythagorus.

82 (nunc vino pellite curas); cras ingens iterabimus (aequor) = ("with wine now drive away care); tomorrow we will take up our course again over the huge (sea"), Horace: Odes, I, vii, 31-32.

83 Pellite cras ingens tum-tum __µ_ _s __á____a_ (a drunken mixture of Latin and Greek) = "push off tomorrow on the huge at one time or another as is required".

84 Choregia Gk = how costs are defrayed, adventitious aid, subsidy.

85 gaucherie Fr = social blundering.

86 conversation should be like the bee See Boswell: Life of Dr. Johnson (Everyman's edition, pages 92, 635): "Tom Birch is as brisk as a bee in conversation...," "Questioning is not the mode of conversation among gentlemen."

87 a__á____a Gk = self-sufficiency.

88 Vive la bagatelle! Fr = "Hurray for nonsense"

89 Thelema (Gk ????? = will in the sense of wanting, volition); the name of the abbey given by Grandgousier to the valiant Friar Jean des Entommeures at the end of Rabelais" Gargantua.

90 the tableland: see Letters, 8 Nov. 1939.

91 Virtutes paganorum splendida vitia = "the virtues of the pagans are splendid vices" (Tortullian: De Carne Christi).

92 Epichaerecacia Gk = spiteful joy at another's misfortune; gloating.

93 Euphuia Gk = shapeliness; goodness of disposition; (it is doubtful if Lewis intended any connection with Euphues, or the Anatomy of Wit, by John Lyly, from which comes the term euphuism -- (do not confuse with euphenism)--meaning stilted, affectedly elegant style of writing.

94 sehnsucht Ger = yearning, longing.

95 Nympholepsy emotional frenzy.

96 dwarfs a very important concept in many of Lewis's writings; they personify creatures who are rational and even partly human, but have either lost, or never had, a fully human soul, and hence are really a separate race, often an earlier one.

97 Marxomanni a play on the Latin Marcomanni, a germanic tribe pushed by the Romans from Moravia into Bohemia; Lewis is intentionally lumping together the "black shirts" (the Nazis and Fascists were in their heyday when The Pilgrim's Regress was being written) and the "red shirts" under the aegis of Karl Marx; fascists or communists, they are all "dwarfs".

98 Grimhild an invented name in the pattern of Brunhild and Kriemhild in the Nibelungenlied; there is a minor character, Grim, in one of the Icelandic sagas, but it is a man.

99 "Wind age, wolf age...Fenris's children" these lines are from the Icelandic Voluspa, which is part of the Elder Edda; the first quatrain is from stanza 39; the second from stanza 35.

100 Mussolimini Italian Fascists of Mussolini's day.

101 Swastici Nazis of Hitler's day (from "swastika").

102 Gangomanni plain gangsters of any kind.

103 ploughing the sand: see Elinor Wylie: Hymn to Earth: "...This man, this mongrel beast: He plows the sand, and his hardest need, He sows himself for seed..."

104 The excellent deed is eternal: a very ancient theme; see Virgil: Aeneid: X, 468: "It is valor's task to extend our fame by deeds"; Chanson de Roland (line 1013-1014): "Now we must each lay on most hardily. So evil songs ne'er sung of us shall be"; Shakespeare: Henry V, IV, iii, 49-58: "Old men forget, yet all shall be forgot...This story shall the good man teach his son...From this day to the ending of the world..."

105 "Sick, wearied out...": Wordsworth: The Prelude. Bk. XI, lines 298-309:

endlessly perplexed

With impulse, motive, right and wrong, the ground

Of obligation, what the rule and whence

The sanction; till, demanding formal proof,

And seeking it in everything, I lost

All feeling of conviction, and in fine,

Sick, wearied out with contrarieties,

Yielded up moral questions in depair.

This was the crisis of that strong disease.

This is soul's last and lowest ebb; I drooped,

Deeming our blessed reason of least use

Where wanted most;

106 the language of the heart: Pope: Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot. Prologue to the Satires, lines 398-399: "Unlearn'd, he knew no schoolman's subtle art, No language but the language of the heart."

107 the seeking is the finding: Matthew 7:8: "he that seeketh findeth."

108 When I became a man...childish things: I Corinthians 13:11.

109 "But will God indeed dwell on the earth? Behold, the heaven and heaven of heavens cannot contain thee; how much less this house that I have builded? (I Kings 8:27).

110 Nycteris Gk = "of the night."

111 Theosophists followers of the movement that began in the U.S. in 1875 and taught a mixture of Buddhistic and Brahmanistic pantheism, involving personal reincarnation.

112 the Valley of Humiliation: Bunyan: The Pilgrim's Progress (about 45 pages into Part I), the place where Christian is almost killed by the foul fiend Apollyon.

113 the manna turned to worms: Exodus 16: 15,20: "They said to one another, It is manna...but some of them left it until morning, and it bred worms, and stank: and Moses was wroth with them."

114 "as one of my sons has said, that leaves the world more glorious yet" - see unlocated quotations at end.