Health Care System in the uk

1. When was the National Health Service created and what kinds of service does it provide to the UK citizens?

The National Health Service was created in 1948. It provides the majority of healthcare in England, including primary care, in – patient care, long- term healthcare, ophthalmology and dentistry.

2. What way is the NHS funded and managed?

NHS funded by the taxpayer and managed by a government, the Department of Health, which sets overall policy on health issues.

3. Speak on the social protection of patients before the creation of NHS if it existed.

Before the NHS was created a patient were generally required to pay for their health care. Free treatment had been sometimes available from teaching hospitals and charity hospitals.

4. What kinds of health care are charged for? Is any kind of service free or charge? Analyze the drug expenses coverage?

Ambulance services, metal health, and ancillary services such as physical and occupation therapy, in-home and in-clinic nursing, and certain care for the sick elderly in nursing homes are financed from the NHS budget.

Prescribe contraception is also issued free or charge.

Patients in England of working age pay fixed price for each drug prescribed regardless of the amount of drug prescribed or the cost to the pharmacy. The pharmacy invoices the cost of the drugs to the NHS.

5. What are the components of the nhs? Describe the functioning and responsibilities of each component.

The core of service is the General Practitioners ( or family doctors) why are responsible for the care of patients registered with them . GPs are mostly private doctors that choose to contract with the NHS to provide services to patients.

Health Care System in the usa

6. How do people pay for health care in the usa? What are Medicare and Medicaid?

Most employers and their families now pay more than 50 per cent of the cost of health insurance.

Madicare was providing free or discounted medical care for ager Americans over 65.

Medicaid was providing free medical care for the poor and ager, for the blind and dependent children.

7. What are the agencies of the Public Health Service and what functions do they perform?

The agencies of the Public Health Service are

The Health Administration - regulates health care to people.

The Food and Drug Administration - certifies the safety of food, effectiveness of drugs and medical products.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - prevent diseases, premature death and disability.

The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the Agency of Toxic Substances and Disease Registry – regulates hazardous spills of toxic substances.

8. What are the problems of health care system in the USA? What are the emerging health problems of the American population? The most expensive health care system in the world. The annual rate of increase of health care expenditures seriously challenges the financial capability of the USA. Access to and quality of care for large segments of population remain. Great difficulties adapting to emerging health problems such as AIDS, medical care of mental patients.

9. What are the challenges confronting the healthcare? At least 5 major challenges confront health care system in the USA. The most fundamental is how to shift from providing health care to producing health. The next challenges is to focus on providing cost-effective information system which can monitor the costs and effectiveness of health services. The third is to control health care expenditures. The fourth is to cope with resistance to fundamental changed from within the health care sector. The US are also challenged to transfer the resources liberated from health care to other sectors that can contribute to health.