1.4.2. Время меняет облик места.

Работа по описанию картинки. Грамматика: прошедшее простое время. Настоящее простое время. Конструкции there is/there was. Лексика: по теме занятия. Письмо: эссе по теме занятия.

Task 5. a) The following photos show Shanghai, China. The photos were taken a century ago compared to present day. Say, how the city has changed over the last century. Use the model.

Model: The streets used to be narrow and dirty. There were wooden houses in the town.

b) Look at the photos of Yoshkar-Ola in the past and at present. Make sentences about Yoshkar-Ola and how it has changed during the last 60 years.

Model: The town used to be a small fortress, but now it doesn’t.

Task 7*. Complete the chart about Yoshkar-Ola:

Changes in Yoshkar-Ola	Places to visit	Sights to see
was renamed	Art Gallery	Monument to Obolensky-Nogotkov

Task 8*. Read an article and fill in the correct linking words.

All in all, however, firstly, secondly, also

In recent years, people have started to move out of cities into the countryside. In my opinion, it is the best place to live.

1………….., there is so much space in the countryside. The houses are further apart and you can go for walks in the fresh air. 2…….., it is quieter in the countryside. You can listen to the birds singing while you are in your garden. People are friendly too. 3……, because the shops and entertainment are far away, you will need to have a car. 4……, houses in the countryside can often be very expensive.

5………., I think that although living in the countryside can be more expensive, it is worth it. The air is clean, it is quiet and it is much more relaxed.

Тема 1.5 Природа и человек (климат, погода, экология)

1.5.1 Климат и погода

Чтение: работа с учебным текстом “ Climate and Weather”. Лексика: Лексические единицы по теме занятия. Грамматика: Настоящее Совершенное время.

Task 1. Study the vocabulary:

Average — средний, carbon dioxide — углекислый газ, cloud cover — облачность, come down to — по сути, decade — десятилетие, fuel — топливо, greenhouse — теплица (парник), humidity — влажность, influence — влияние, particular — особенный, precipitations — осадки, refer to — относиться к, scattered showers — местами проливные дожди, surface — поверхность, vary — изменяться, windiness — ветер

Task 2. Read and translate the text:

Text: Weather and Climate

The difference between weather and climate comes down to time. Weather refers to the state of the atmosphere at a particular time or over a few weeks and months. Temperature, humidity, precipitation, cloud cover, windiness and other factors make up a particular time period’s weather.

Climate refers to the average weather for a place over a period of many years. Climate scientists often use 30-year intervals to define a region’s climate.

For example, sunny, cloudless and 62 degrees Fahrenheit describes the weather this morning here in central Missouri, in other words, a perfect spring day. However, yesterday’s weather was cloudy with scattered showers, while a few days before it was 90 degrees F. These were changes in the weather, not the climate.

The weather in Missouri varies greatly from day to day and even hour to hour. However, on average, the surface temperatures here have increased during the past several decades.

It is well known that, certain human activities can influence the climate. For example, burning fuels releases carbon dioxide. This gas in the atmosphere works like glass in a greenhouse. It lets heat get in, but it doesn't let much heat get out. So the atmosphere becomes warmer. Chemists define this process as the greenhouse effect. These climatic changes can be dangerous for our planet, which needs protection.

http://news.discovery.com

Task 3. Answer the questions.

1. What’s the difference between climate and weather? 2. What factors make up a particular time period’s weather? 3. What interval do the scientists use to define a region’s climate? 4. How can you describe a perfect spring day in Missouri? 5. Can human activities influence the climate? 6. How does carbon dioxide work in the atmosphere? 7. Why does the atmosphere become warmer? 8. How do chemists define this process? 9. Are these climatic changes dangerous for our planet? 10. Can we do anything to protect our planet?

Task 4. Look at the questions below and make a dialogue with your partner.

Model: 1. What is the climate in your country like? - We have a continental (sharp continental, sea, subtropical, mediterranean, tropical) climate.

2. Are you having high (low) humidity? 3. Is winter in your country severe (soft)? 4. Is summer in your country hot? 5. What is an average temperature in your country in winter, spring, summer, autumn? 6. Do you have snow in winter? 7. When does snow fall here? 8. When does spring come here? 9. Do you stand cold well? 10. Do you stand heat badly? 11. Would you like to live in another climate?

Task 5. Fill in: several, greenhouse, surface, come down, carbon, climatic, perfect, climate, scattered, human, particular.

1. …… scientists, 2. …… temperatures, 3. ….. time, 4. …….dioxide, 5. …….effect, 6. ….. spring day, 7. ….. activities, 8. ….. to time, 9. ….. decades, 10. ….. showers, 11. …… changes.

Task 6.* They say there’s no bad weather, there are bad clothes. What do you think about it?