IV. Name the word-building elements (suffixes, prefixes) and the part of speech of each word. Translate them into Ukrainian.

importance – important – unimportant; consider – consideration – considerable; refer – referable – reference – referential; oppose – opposite – opposition; even – uneven; regard – disregard; know – knowledge; practice – practical – unpractical; rich – enrich – enrichment; add – addition – additional; frequence – frequency – frequent – frequently; person – personal – impersonal.

V. Finish the sentences according to the text.

1. The total number of languages... .

2. The numerical distribution of people speaking different languages... .

3. For each people the language is not only... .

4. The English language is spoken by more... .

5. English is the working language during... .

6. Each branch of science and technology has... .

7. The scientific and technological progress has enriched the vocabulary with... .

8. In order to master technical English the learner must... .

VI. Comprehension questions:

1. What enhances the importance of the study of foreign languages?

2. Do we know the total number of languages in the world?

3. Are there big and small languages?

4. What factors determine the choice of foreign language to study?

5. What can you say about the social and functional status of English?

6. Is technical English completely different from literary English?

7. What distinguishes technical English from everyday English?

8. How can you master technical English?

VII. Determine the tense forms in the following sentences and translate them into Ukrainian:

1. The engineer was asked to take part in the device tests.

2. Your invention has been spoken of for quite a long time.

3. This experiment is being carried on in our laboratory.

4. He had been taught over and over again about the purpose of this physics experiment. 5. He had been taught that modern physics involved the manipulation of minute quantities of matter, and that, to avoid mistakes, he would have to perform most of his experiments under vacuum.

6. The subject of elasticity will be discussed in details later on.

7. Radioactive isotopes are also being used successfully for this purpose.

8. The cell has always been considered the basic building block of FMS (Flexible manufacturing system).

VIII. Themes for the presentation. You can do it in groups, in pairs or individually.

1. The importance of learning foreign languages at present.

2. The social and functional status of English, Ukrainian and other languages.

3. Your work at learning English (or any other foreign language).

English in our life

Human language is the most astonishing creation of man. It helps us to think, to express our thoughts and to understand each other. We make use of it in practically everything we do.

Language is a means of communication in human society. People can use other means of communication, such as red lights or flags, but these signs are interpreted into human language. Language is the normal form and the main means of communication in human society.

We cannot say anything definite about the origin of language. But we realize now language is a product of human society and it can exist only in human society.

Man is the only living being with the power of speech. The appearance of language on our planet is as recent as the appearance of man himself. Labour and language are distinctive and exclusive marks of human beings. Without them the growth and progress of human society is unthinkable.

Human speech differs greatly from the signal like actions of animals, even of those, which use the voice. Dogs, for instance, make only two or three kinds of noise – say barking, growling and whining. In human speech different sound combinations have different meanings.

Primitive people had a few hundred words at the most. Today highly cultured nations have more than seven hundred thousand words in their dictionaries. This means that now people can communicate by words much better than they did it in the remote past. The rapid growth of the vocabulary of modern languages is due to the development of science and technology.

But spoken languages were easy to forget; so people invented writing to record them. Writing is a way of recording language by means of visible marks. The first form of writing was picture writing. Symbols representing the sounds of a language appeared much later. The art of writing made it possible to fix thoughts and to store knowledge, and to pass them on from one generation to another.

Mankind speaks many languages. A group of people who use the same system of speech signals is a speech community. Speech-communities differ greatly in size. An American Indian tribe of only a few hundred persons speaks language of its own. On the other hand, there are some speech communities that are very large.

English has several hundred million native speakers. For them English is their mother tongue. Millions of people with some other native language learn English for business, professional or political purposes. For them English is not their mother tongue but a foreign language. Ukrainian, Russian, French, German, Chinese and some other languages also have vast numbers of speakers.

There are people who know three, four, five or six languages. They are polyglots. They study languages because knowledge of languages is their speciality or hobby. For a modern engineer and research worker it is absolutely necessary to have practical command of foreign languages. A scientist who can read the literature of his field in several languages has a much better grasp of the subject. Learning foreign languages enriches the native language, makes it clearer, more flexible and expressive.