Мошенничества, обманы и кредитный цикл

1. См. Norman С Miller, The Great Salad Oil Swindle (New York: Coward, McCann, 1965).

2. Hyman P. Minsky, «Financial Resources in a Fragile Financial Environment», Challenge, vol. 18 (July/August 1975), p. 65.

3. Martin F. Hellwig, «А Model of Borrowing and Lending with Bankruptcy», Princeton University Econometric Research Prog­ram, Research Memorandum № 177 (April 1975), p. 1.

4. Daniel Defoe, The Anatomy of Change-Alley (London: E. Smith, 1719), p. 8. См. также заголовок книги о мошенничествах Jean Carper, Not with a Gun (New York: Grossman, 1973).

5. Jacob van Klavaren, «Die historische Erscheinungen der Kor- ruption», ViettelsjaJvschriftfurSozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte, vol. 44 (December 1957), pp. 289-324; vol. 45 (December

1958. , pp. 433-469,469-504; vol. 46 (June 1959), pp. 204-231. См. также Jacob van Klavaren, «Fiskalismus-Mercantilismus- Korruption: Drei Aspecte der Finanz-und Wirtschaftspolitik wahrend der Ancien Regime», там же, vol. 47 (September

1959. , pp. 333-353.

6. E. Ray McCartney, The Crisis of 1873 (Minneapolis: Burgess,

1935. , p. 15.

7. John Carswell, The South Sea Bubble (London: Cresset, 1960), p. 13.

8. Maximillian E. Novak, Economics and the Fiction of Daniel Defoe (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1962), p. 103.

9. Bray Hammond, Banks and Politics in America from the Revolution to the Civil lifer (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1957), p. 268.

10. Carswell, South Sea Bubble, pp. 222-224.

11. Уильям Шепхерд, биржевой редактор Business Week, в пре­дисловии к книге Donald Н. Dunn, Ponzi, the Boston Swindler (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1975), p. x.

12. Milton Friedman, «In Defense of Destabilizing Speculation», The Optimum Quantity of Money and Other Essays (Chicago: Aldine, 1969), p. 290.

13. Процитировано в работе Max Winkler, Foreign Bonds, an Autopsy: a Study of Defaults and Repudiations of Government Obligations (Philadelphia: Roland Swain, 1933), p. 103.

14. E. Victor Morgan, The Theory and Practice of Central Banking, 1797-1913 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1943), p. 177.

15. Honore de Balzac, Melmoth reconcilie (Geneva: Editions de Verbe, 1946), pp. 45-50.

16. Dunn, Ponzi p. 188.

17. Предисловие Роберта Трэси к книге Anthony Trollope, The Way We Live Now (1874-1875; reprinted, New York: Bobbs- Merrill, 1974), p. xxv.

18. Sir John Clapham, The Bank of England: a History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1945), vol. 1, p. 229.

19. Charles Wilson, Anglo-Dutch Commerce and Finance in the Eighteenth Centwy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1941), p. 170.

20. George W. Van Vleck, The Panic of 1857: an Analytical Study (New York: Columbia University Press, 1943), p. 65.

21. Earl J. Hamilton, «The Political Economy of France at the Time of John Law», History of Political Economy, vol. 1 (Spring

1968. , p. 146.

22. Jacob van Klavaren, «Rue de Quincampoix und Exchange Alley: Die Spekulationsjahre 1719 und 1720 in Frankreich und England», ViertelsjahrsehriftfurSozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte, vol. 48 (Octobcr 1961), pp. 329 и далее.

23. Dunn, Ponzi, p. 247.

24. Max Wirth, Geschichte der llandelskrisen, 4th ed. (1890; re­printed, New York: Burt Franklin, 1968), p. 510.

25. William Robert Scott, The Constitution and Finance of English, Scottish and Irish Joint- Stock Companies to 1720 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1911), vol. 3, pp. 449 и далее; и D. Morier Evans, The Commercial Crisis, 1847-1848,2nd ed, rev. (1849; reprinted, New York: Augustus M. Kelley, 1969), pp. 33-34. Подготовленный современником отдельный ме­нее детализированный список представлен в книге Wirth, llandelskrisen, pp. 67-79.

26. A. Andreades, History of the Bank of England (London: P. S. King, 1909), p. 133.

27. Carswell, South Sea Bubble, p. 142.

28. Scott,Joint-Stock Companies, p. 450.

29. Hans Rosenberg, Die Weltwirtschaftskrise von 1857-1859 (Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer, 1934), p. 103.

30. Wirth, Handelskrisen, p. 480.

31. Anthony Trollope, The Three Clerks (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1860), p. 346.

32. Carswell, South Sea Bubble, p. 177.

33. Fritz Stern, Gold and Iron: Bismarck, Bleichroder, and the Buildingof the German Empire (London: Allen & Unwin, 1977), p. 358.

34. Там же, с. 396-397.

35. US Senate, Committee on Finance, 72nd Cong., 1st sess., Heatings on Sales of Foreign Bonds of Securities, held 18 December 1931, to 10 February 1932 (Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1932).

36. О. M. W. Sprague, History of Crises under the National Banking System (1910; reprinted New York: Augustus M. Kelley, 1968), p. 341.

37. Процитировано в книге Wirth, Handelskrisen, p. 80.

38. Ilonore de Balzac, La maison Nucingen, in Oeuvres completes (Paris: Calmann Lew 1892), p. 68.

39. Carswell, South Sea Bubble, pp. 176,181.

40. Wirth, Handelskrisen, p. 491.

41. Emile Zola, UArgent (Paris: Livre de Poche, n.d.), p. 125.

42. Wirth, Handelskrisen, p. 491.

43. Emile Zola, UArgent (Paris: Livre de Poche, n.d.), p. 161.

44. Jean Bouvier, Le krash de VUnion Generate (Paris: Presses uni- versitaires de France 1960), p. 36.

45. The Economist, 21 октября 1848 г., с, 1186-1188, процити­ровано в работе Arthur D. Gayer, W. W. Rostow, and Anna J. Schwartz, The Growth and Fluctuation of the British Economy, 1790-1850 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, Clarendon Press, 1953), p. 316.

46. Rosenberg, Weltwirtschaftskrise, p. 101.

47. Stern, Gold andiron, chap. 10 («Greed and Intrigue») and p. 364.

48. Novak, Economics of Defoe, pp. 14-15 and 160.

49. там же, с. 16.

50. Maurice Levy-Lcbover, Les banques europeennes et I industria­lisation international dans la premiere rnoitie du XIXsiecle ( Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1964), pp. 632-633.

51. Там же, с. 503.

52. Bouvier, Le krach_t p. 124.

53. Там же, с. 161.

54. Stern, Gold and Iron, chap. 11.

55. «Трилогия желания» Теодора Драйзера состоит из трех романов: «Финансист» (1912), «Титан» (1914) и «Стоик» (1947). См. The Titan (New York: World, 1972), pp. 371-372.

56. Там же, с. 515-540.

57. Henry Grote Lewin, The Railway Mania and its Aftermath, 1845-1852 (1936; reprinted, rev, New York: Augustus M. Kel­ley, 1968), pp. 262, 357-364.

58. Cm. Paul W. Gates, Illinois Central Railroad audits Colonization Work (1934; reprinted, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1968), pp. 66, 75-76; John L. Weller, The New Ilaven Railroad: the Rise and Fall (New York: Hastings House, 1969), p. 37; Van Vleck, Panic of 1857, p. 58.

59. Cm. Willard L. Thorp, Business Annals (New York: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1926), p. 126.

60. Watson Washburn and Edmund S. Delong, High and Low Financiers: Some Notorious Swindlers and their Abuses of our Modem Stock Selling System (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1932), p. 13.

61. Там же, с. 85,101,144,309.

62. Barrie A. Wigmore, The Crash and its Aftennath: a History of Security Markets in the United States, 1929-1933 (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1985), pp. 344-348.

63. Там же, с. 358-360.

64. James S. Gibbons, The Banks of New York, their Dealers, the Clearing House, and the Panic of 1857 (New York: D. Appleton, 1859), p. 104.

65. Там же, с. 277.

66. John Kenneth Galbraith, The Great Crash, 1929,3rd ed (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1972), pp. 133-135.

67. David F. Good, The Economic Rise of the Hapsburg Empire, 1750-1914 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984), p. 165.

68. D. Morier Evans, Facts, Failures and Frauds (1839; reprinted, New York: Augustus M. Kelley, 1968), p. 235.

69. Cm. Robert Shaplen, Kreuger: Genius and Swindler (New York: Knopf, 1960).

70. Carswell, South Sea Bubble, pp. 225, 265-266.

71. Bouvier, Le krach, pp. 211, 219.

72. Herbert I. Bloom, The Economic Activities of theJews of Amster­dam in the Seventeenth and Nineteenth Centuries (Williamsport, Pa.: Bayard Press, 1937), p. 199.

73. Carswell, South Sea Bubble, p. 210.

74. Dreiser, The Titan, p. 237.

75. Christina Stead, House of All Nations (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1938), p. 643.