1. Ответьте на вопросы

1. Which long-established forces are used by 50 billion barrels per year?

2. Why using traditional powerhouses is significant to use such power supply equipments of energy as the sun, wind, geothermal energy?

3. What is the one of the most advanced research of non-traditional renewable sources of energy?

4. Which country was the first in the world in increasing and trying a photoelectric battery of 32,000-volts, constructed it probable to concentrate solar irradiation?

5. Why the competence of a solar power station does significantly abridged?

6. For which situation will be developing dissimilar grouping of solar power stations and usual ones – thermal, atomic and hydraulic as solution and improving?

7. Wherewith are some engineers working at the difficulty of rising electric power stations?

8. Why is it planned that plants working on the energy of the solar heat offered by the sun will be built on a superior level?

9. How people can know that non-traditional renewable sources of energy do not have negative effects on the environment?

10. What are the important things might help to solve the energy problem in the future?

2. Найдите синонимы

Sphere, renewable, energy, important, little, power, modern, restricted, possible, limited, unfavorable, field, improve, new, retrievable, significant, negative, probable, small, to make better.

Найдите антонимы

Positive, renewable, old, impossible, important, large, possible, limited, unimportant, improve, new, negative, small, to make worse, non-renewable, unlimited.

3. Переведите следующие слова и выражения на английский язык

1. Нефть.

2. Природный газ.

3. Уголь.

4. Энергия.

5. Геотермальная энергия.

6. Электростанция.

7. Фотоэффект.

4. Переведите следующие слова и выражения на русский язык

1. Photoelectric.

2. Battery.

3. Volts.

4. Effective.

5. Atomic.

6. Hydraulic.

7. Engineer.

Solar Energy

What is solar energy? Solar energy is the radiant energy produced by the Sun. It is both light and heat. It is along with secondary solar-powered resources such as wind and wave power, account for the majority of the renewable energy on Earth. The Earth receives 174 pet watts (PW) of solar radiation at the upper atmosphere. 30% of that is reflected back to space and the rest is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses. Land surfaces, oceans, and atmosphere absorb solar radiation, which increases their temperature. Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises, causing convection. When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low and water vapor condenses into clouds and causes rain. The latent heat of water condensation increases convection, producing wind. Energy absorbed by the oceans and land masses keeps the surface at an average temperature of 14°C. Green plants convert solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis. Our food supply is completely dependent on solar energy. After plants die, they decay in the Earth, so solar energy can be said to provide the biomass that has created the fossil fuels that we are dependent on.

Humans harness solar energy in many different ways: space heating and cooling, the production of potable water by distillation, disinfection, lighting, hot water, and cooking. The applications for solar energy are only limited by human ingenuity. Solar technologies are characterized as either passive or active depending on the way the energy is captured, converted, and distributed. Active solar techniques use photovoltaic panels and solar thermal collectors to harness the energy. Passive techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting materials with thermal mass properties, and using materials with light dispersing properties.

Our current dependence on fossil fuels is slowly being replaced by alternative energies. Some are fuels that may eventually become useless, but solar energy will never be obsolete, controlled by foreign powers, or run out. Even when the Sun uses up its hydrogen, it will produce useable energy until it explodes. The challenge facing humans is to capture that energy instead of taking the easiest way out by using fossil fuels.

1. Ответьте на вопросы

1. What is solar energy?

2. What does increase convection, producing wind?

3. How do green plants convert solar energy into chemical energy?

4. How do you characterize solar technologies?

5. What do active solar techniques use to harness the energy?

6. What properties do passive techniques include?

7. What is being replaced by alternative energies?

2. Найдите синонимы

Comprise, active, absorb, various, increase, present, growth, contain, different, unfit, passive, current, useless, assimilate.

Найдите антонимы

Eject, decrease, majority, useless, native, absorb, foreign, useful, increase, past, different, passive, current, active, minority, similar.

3. Переведите следующие слова и выражения на английский язык

1. Волновая энергия.

2. Солнечная радиация.

3. Верхние слои атмосферы.

4. Космос.

5. Температура.

6. Теплый воздух.

7. Дистилляция.

4. Переведите следующие слова и выражения на русский язык

1. Disinfection.

2. Technologies.

3. Photo voltaic panels.

4. Collectors.

5. Dispersing.

6. Alternative energies.

7. Using fossil fuels.