Avoid "diet thinking."

• There are no good foods or bad foods. All foods can be part of healthy eating, when eaten in moderation.

• You do not need to buy low carb, fat-free or diet foods. These foods are not necessarily lower in calories – they usually have lots of other added ingredients to replace the carbs or fat.

• YOU are more important than your weight or body size – believe it! Your health and happiness can be hurt by drastic weight loss plans. If you have not yet reached your adult height, too much weight loss could interfere with your growth, even if you are overweight. For younger teens who are overweight but still growing, it may be important to keep their weight steady as they continue to grow, instead of focusing on weight loss.

 Remember: If you feel you are overweight and want to make some changes in your food intake, it's a good idea to contact your health care provider. You may also want to ask your health care provider for a referral to see a nutritionist (a person who has studied nutrition and knows all about food and healthy ways to lose weight). Learning about nutrition can help you make healthier choices, but it is important to keep food as just one important part of your life.

I. Answer the questions:

1. What is healthy eating?

2. What are the main rules for eating?

3. What kind of food is healthy?

4. What food is harmful for our health?

5. Do we have to eat foods from the different food groups? Why?

6. How many times a day do we have to eat?

7. What amount of calories do we have to consume during the day?

II. Guess the meanings of the underlined words from the contexts. Then match them with the definitions that follow. Write the letters of the definitions in the parentheses.

1. The factory recalled 5,000 cans of tuna when a family of four died of botulism (__).

2. When you read the label (__) on a product that looks like fruit juice, you may be surprised that the ingredients (__) are nothing but water, sugar, and artificial (__) color and flavors.

3. Nutritionists (__) often work in hospitals, preparing diets for patients with special food needs.

4. Foods made from scratch (__) may spoil faster than processed foods (__), but they're better for you.

5. People can no longer buy turtles as pets for children because the turtles often carry salmonella (__) bacteria (__) that can cause illness in the children who play with them.

6. The picnic ended unhappily when everyone who had eaten the potato salad became ill from food poisoning (__).

Definitions:

a) from the beginning, with all the basic ingredients

b) not natural

c) scientists who study the relationship between food and health

d) commercial foods not in their natural state; they usually contain sugar, salt, or chemicals that keep food from spoiling

e) a fatal form of food poisoning, usually found in food improperly canned or preserved at home

f) small, invisible living things that can cause disease

g) contents; things in a mixture

h) a bacteria that causes food poisoning and is usually found in poul­try and raw dairy products; heat kills it

i) an illness of the digestive system with symptoms of fever, chills, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea from 2 to 20 hours after the con­sumption of bad food

j) a piece of paper or other material containing information about a product

Topic 51. Fast Food

Fast Food of America

Have you ever enjoyed a hamburger, sitting on a lawn? May be you're against all these hot dogs and cheeseburgers, because it's a junk food. Anyway, it is always interesting to find out something about the origin and history of such trifles, which make our life more comfortable. They really make life more pleasant, especially outdoors, don't they?

Pop-Corn. It’s impossible to imagine American take-away food or snacks without popcorn. Clear as a day, it is made from corn. But what about the first part of the word “pop”? Actually, when you put a kernel of corn on a fire, the water inside makes the corn explode. This makes a “pop” noise. That is why we call it popcorn. It’s an interesting thing to know that not all corn pops. A seed of corn must contain 14% water in it. Other kinds of corn have less water and do not pop. The American Indians, who popped corn a long time ago, knew that special sort. They introduced corn to the first settlers. In 1620 when Pilgrims had a Thanksgiving dinner they invited the Indians, who brought popcorn with them. Since that time Americans continued to pop corn at home. But in 1945 a new machine was invented that changed the history of the product. The electric machine enabled to pop corn outside the home. And soon movies started selling popcorn to make more money. The famous American habit of eating popcorn at the movies is well-known.

Many people like to put salt or melted butter in their popcorn, some prefer to have it without. Either way Americans love their popcorn.

The Hot Dog. The original name of the hot dog was the frankfurter, after the German city of Frankfurt. In the United States frankfurters, sausages on buns, were first sold in the 1860s. But for Americans the name “dachshund sausage” seemed to be a good one for the frankfurter. In actual fact, a dachshund is a dog from Germany with a very long body and short legs. Dachshund sausages first became popular in New-York especially at baseball games, where they were sold by men keeping them warm in hot water tanks. The men walked up and down the rows of people and yelled “Get your hot dachshund sausages here!” And in 1906 the newspaper cartoonist Tad Dorgan saw the men with the dachshund sausages and got an idea for a cartoon: he drew a bun with a dachshund inside – not a sausage but a dog. The cartoonist didn’t know how to spell the word “dachshund” and under the picture he just wrote: “Get your hot dogs!” The cartoon was a sensation as well as the name. If you go to a baseball game today, you can still see sellers walking around with hot water tanks and yelling, “Get your hot dogs here! Get your hot dogs here!”

The Hamburger. An obligatory item on the list of fast food, the hamburger has no connection to ham, but with the German town of Hamburg, which was famous for its ground steak. German immigrants to the United States introduced the “hamburger steak”. At the St. Louis World’s Fair in 1904, hamburger steaks were served on buns for the first time. It was convenient and tasty and became a usual way of eating hamburgers. But how did the hamburgers become the most popular, most typical American food? The introduction of the bun is the important part of the answer. Another important part, due to which hamburgers have become well-known and favourite all around the world is McDonald’s, the fast food restaurant. The first restaurant was opened in San Bernadino, California, in 1949 and hamburgers were the main item on its menu, as well as the hamburger remains the main item in all McDonald’s restaurants today.

Coca-Cola. The world famous fresh drink Coca-Cola first was an all-purpose medicine, made in 1886 by a druggist from Atlanta, who made a brown syrup by mixing coca leaves and cola nuts. The syrup wasn’t a success and then another druggist, Jacobs, had an idea of selling Coca-Cola as a soda fountain drink. He mixed the syrup with soda water. Soon everyone was going to soda fountains and asking for Coca-Cola. An immigrant from Ireland, Asa Candler bought the recipe of the drink and having registered the company, became its father in 1892. In 1899 the first bottling factory was opened. The shaped bottle, as we know it today was invented in 1916 to protect the trademark. And again the World War II helped to make Coca-Cola popular outside America, when the Coca-Cola Company sent bottles of the drink to US soldiers fighting in Europe. It became so popular with the soldiers that the US Army asked the company to start ten factories in Europe. It’s a curious thing but of 1903 coca leaves were no longer used in the drink. The exact ingredients and the quantities are not known – the Coca-Cola Company keeps its recipe a secret.

I. Answer the questions:

1. Is fast food healthy?

2. Why do people eat fast food?

3. How often do you buy fast food?

4. What is your favourite fast food?

5. What will happen if we eat fast food very often?

6. What are the recommendations for those people who eat fast food very often?

II. Divide the words into two columns:

Hot dog, oil-based salad, raisins, cakes, fruits, nuts, yoghurt, bananas, cream-based soup, cereals, lemons, pizza, tomatoes, hamburger, grains, coca-cola, mayonnaise, low-fat milk, fried potatoes, dried fruits, cheeseburger, strawberries, sweets, chips, apples.

3. Say, weather the statements are true or false:

1. Fast food is cheap, convenient, filling, and to many of us it tastes good.

2. Fast food is low in nutrition and high in trans fat, saturated fat, sodium, and calories.

3. Fast food consists of vegetables and fruits.

4. French fries, hamburgers and pizza are very healthy.

5. We shouldn’t add much salt to our meal because salt is a major contributor to high blood pressure and heart disease.

6. Fried food is healthier than broiled, steamed or grilled food.

7. We have to choose water, low-fat milk, or diet sodas instead of regular sodas, fruit drinks, and milkshakes.

8. Eating fast food on a regular basis can lead to different health problems, both physical and psychological.

IV. Insert the necessary word: Feeding the World

The environment is not only about plants and … but it's about humans, too. They need to work and … money, and they also need to eat. Many people do not have enough food. So scientists and … are always looking for new ways … them. But many of these new … and ideas bring new problems!

For example, are GM crops a solution or problem?

Supermarkets want too sell cheap food and fruit and … that look big and bright and … To grow these, some farmers use more and more … on their crops. When you eat an apple, do you know what chemicals are on the skin? What is the effect of these on our health?

GM (Genetically-modified) crops sound like a great idea. They don't get … like normal crops. They produce lots of strong plants. They are cheap. Isn't this a great way to feed the world, especially … countries?

The problem is that nobody knows the … ! Will these crops affect human health? What will happen if something goes wrong? Can GM crops … diseases like cancer? Nobody knows for certain! So people are nervous. Are GM crops a step too far? Will they affect our environment – and us? We don't know!

Diseases, to feed, consequences, discoveries, “perfect”, encourage, earn, chemicals, governments, poor, animals, vegetables.

Topic 52. Nutrition of a Student

Nutrition Tips for College Students

Many college students gain weight during their freshman year in college.  The weight gain results from several changes in lifestyle habits that take place during the first year.  The unlimited, around the clock, unhealthy food choices; excessive alcohol intake; inconsistent meal schedules; emotional eating; lack of exercise can cause the gain of unwanted kilograms. Here are some healthy tips that may help you adjust to college while avoiding weight gain. 

Eat regularly:

• Eat a small meal every 3-5 hours. 

• Eat breakfast within an hour after waking up. Breakfast can include any type of food such as sandwich, fruit, or a plate of cereals. 

• Avoid snacking throughout the day if you tend to overeat in the evening. 

Eat healthy food:

• Wait until you have finished your meal before deciding on dessert; skip it if you feel full.

• Instead of a slice of pie or cookie for dessert try fruit and yogurt.

• Eat fruits and vegetables at lunch and dinner. 

• Eat salads with cold pressed oils. Avoid eating mayonnaise.

• Eat food that is broiled, steamed or grilled but not fried.

• Limit cream soups and creamy sauces. 

Healthy Protein Sources 

Include foods containing protein at each meal: lean meat, fish, poultry, hard boiled eggs, cottage cheese, peanut butter, beans, pies, yogurt, milk, low-fat cheese, etc.  

Make Healthy Snack Choices 

• Eat low-calorie snacks. 

• Say "no" to fast food such as hot dogs, hamburgers, chips, candies, regular sodas, sweetened tea, and fruit drinks. Fast food is usually high in fat, calories, cholesterol and sodium. Too much fast food can lead to health problems such as high blood pressure, heart disease and obesity.

 Drink Responsibly 

• Choose water, low-fat milk, or diet sodas instead of regular sodas, fruit drinks, milkshakes, or whole milk which can be a huge source of hidden calories and sugar. 

• If you are of legal age, limit alcohol as it is high in calories. 

Be Prepared for Emotional Eating:

Have a list of things you enjoy doing to replace eating when you are stressed, tired, upset, excited, or bored. 

Healthy Alternatives to Eating:

• Read a book or a magazine.

• Write a letter, call, or email a friend or family member. 

• Take a shower. 

• Go for a walk. 

• Do your homework.

• Do some work about the house. 

Control the amount of food you eat:

• ask yourself if you are really hungry before deciding to eat.  

• avoid eating 1-2 hours before sleeping;

Exercise Daily 

• Do morning exercises.

• Do not skip your physical training lessons. 

• Take a walk between classes once a day. 

• Walk or ride to classes instead of taking public transport.  

Healthy eating is a great way to:

• Have energy all day long.

• Get the vitamins and minerals your body needs.

• Stay strong for sports or other activities.

• Reach your maximum height (if you are still growing).

• Maintain a healthy weight.

Vocabulary:

to take place – відбуватися schedule – графік

healthy way of life – здор. спосіб життя cereals – злаки, каша

nutrition – харчування to contain – вміщати

healthy food – здорова їжа minerals – мінерали

source of vitamins – джерело вітамінів proteins – білки

balanced diet – збалансована дієта to limit – обмежувати

emotional eating – емоційна їжа to avoid – уникати

to have a snack – перекусити hungry – голодний

to take a shower – приймати душ to go for a walk – йти гуляти

Answer the questions:

1. How many times a day does the student have to eat?

2. Do many students gain weight during their freshman year in college? Why?

3. What kind of food do the students have to eat?

4. What food is not good for student’s health?

5. What food is a healthy protein source?

6. What should student’s lunch contain?

7. What is “emotional eating”?

8. What are healthy alternatives to eating?

Topic 53. Laying the Table

How to Lay the Table

If you have a special dinner you should know how to lay the table on such an occasion. First you spread the table-cloth and put table-mats on it. You need them to protect the table from hot dishes. Then you take out of the cupboard soup spoons, spoons for the sweets, different knives and forks (a small knife for butter, a small knife and fork for the appetizer and a knife for dessert).

You should put the knives and a soup spoon on the right-hand side and the fork on the left. You have to place the spoon for the sweet across the top. Then you put the bread-board and a knife to cut the bread.

On the left of each guest you put a small plate for bread and on the right you put a wine glass and a water glass. Don’t forget to put napkins for each guest.

You can also put a vase with beautiful flowers on the dinner table.

Then look at the table once again and make sure that it is laid for each person. When everything is ready you can receive your friends.

Vocabulary: