Vocabulary:

to express – виражати

masterpiece – шедевр

to divide – поділяти

visual art – візуальне мистецтво

performing art – виконавче мистецтво

to develop – розвивати

art movement – мистецький рух

depiction – змалювання

artist – митець

still life – натюрморт

landscape – пейзаж

seascapes – морський пейзаж

oil color – олійна фарба

water color – акварель

charcoal – вугільний олівець

canvas – полотно

three dimensional – у 3-х вимірах

clay – глина

stone – камінь

wood – дерево

photographic film – фотоплівка

to change one’s mood – змінювати настрій

imagination – уява

entertainment – розвага

mankind – людство

ancient cave – стародавня печера

I. Answer the questions:

1. What is art?

2. What are visual kinds of art?

3. What do performing arts include?

4. What is the role of art in our life?

5. What is your favourite kind of art?

II. Insert the necessary words: Elements of Art

These are the elements of art: line, shape, form, space, color, value and texture. A person cannot create art without using at least one or two of these … .

… are continuous mark made on some kind of surface. They can be… …, thin or bold. When put together lines create shapes.

Shapes can be… , like squares, circles and triangles or… , like a tree or a seashell. They can be two-dimensional or flat, like a pencil mark on paper or they can be … …, like a sculpture.

When something is thee-dimensional it has form. Objects with form take up … or at least look like they take up space. Space is the … or area between, around, above or within things. It can be the area taken up by an object or can be the area around an object.

Color can often help show us space. Color is the most … element of art. There are primary colors: … … … . There are also secondary colors: … … … . Secondary colors come from mixing the primary colors.

Colors always have a value. Value is the lightness or … of a color.

When a dark value is next to a light value it creates… .

Different color values can creature texture. Texture is how a surface feels. They can be rough or smooth, … … , soft or hard.

Space; wet or dry; geometric; expressive; three-dimensional; orange, green and purple; lines; darkness; natural; distance; contrast; elements; red, yellow and blue; straight or wavy.

Topic 25. Genres of Painting

Lesson 1

Genres of Painting

Paintings are traditionally divided into five categories or 'genres'. The establishment of these genres and their relative status in relation to one other stems from the philosophy of arts promoted by the great European Academies of Fine Art. The five types of fine art painting, listed in order of their official ranking or importance, are as follows: 1. History Painting (works with message or moralistic content); 2. Portraits (individual, group or self-portraits); 3. Genre-painting (everyday scenes); 4. Landscapes; 5. Still Life.

History Genre

Traditionally the most-respected of all the genres, history paintings are not limited to those depicting 'historic scenes'. The term derives from the Italian word "istoria", meaning narrative (story), and refers to paintings showing the exemplary deeds and struggles of moral figures. The latter might include Saints or other Biblical figures, pagan divinities, mythological heroes as well as real-life historical figures. Such pictures, traditionally large-scale public artworks, aim to elevate the morals of the community.

Famous History Paintings: Leonardo da Vinci: The Last Supper; Raphael: School of Athens; Sandro Botticelli: Birth of Venus.

Portraiture Genre

Portraits are pictures of people, deities or mythological figures in human form. The genre includes group-portraits as well as individual compositions. A portrait of an individual may be face-only, head and shoulders, or full-body. Academic portraiture is executed according to certain conventions, concerning dress, the position of hands and other details. This genre was practised by artists of almost all movements, including the Renaissance, Baroque and Rococo and Neo-classical styles. This genre also includes self-portraits.

Famous Examples of Portraiture: Leonardo da Vinci: Mona Lisa; Titian: Portrait of a Man; Gilbert Stewart: George Washington.

Genre-Paintings

This category of painting denotes pictures that portray ordinary scenes of everyday life. The themes of such paintings are the following: domestic settings, interiors, celebrations, tavern scenes, markets and other street situations. The scene should be portrayed in a non-idealized way and the characters should not be endowed with any heroic or dramatic attributes. Famous Genre-Pictures: Pieter Bruegel the Elder: The Peasant Wedding; Ilya Repin: Barge-Haulers on the Volga.

Landscape Genre

Derived from the Dutch word “landschap”, a patch of ground – the term “landscape” denotes any picture whose main subject is the depiction of a scenic view, such as fields, hillscapes, mountain-scapes, trees, riverscapes, forests, sea views and seascapes. Many famous landscape paintings include human figures, but their presence should be a secondary element in the composition.

Famous Landscapes: Caspar David Friedrich: Winter Landscape; Claude Monet: Impression Sunrise; Water Lilies.

Still Lifes

A still life is a work of art depicting mostly inanimate оbjects, typically commonplace objects which may be either natural (food, flowers, plants, rocks or shells) or man-made (drinking glasses, books, vases, jewellery, coins, pipes and so on). It derives from the Dutch word “stilleven”, a term used by Dutch artists to describe pictures previously entitled “Fruit” or “Flower Pieces”. Still lifes that contain ethical messages concerning human behaviour, are known as Vanitas paintings.

Famous Still Life Pictures: Paul Cezanne: Pears on a Chair; Van Gogh: Sunflowers; Henri Fantin-Latour: White and Pink Roses.