II. Learn the following words and word-combinations:

to protect the environment – захищати довкілля

to campaign – проводити кампанію

to hunt – полювати

whale – кит

nuclear power – ядерна енергія

nuclear weapon – ядерна зброя

supporter – прибічник, прихильник

to organize demonstrations – організовувати демонстрації

to take actions – вживати заходів

destruction – руйнування, знищення

rain forest – тропічний ліс

hole in the ozone layer – дира в озоновому шарі

to block pipes – блокувати труби

elections – вибори

III. In groups speak on the following:

• What environmental groups are there in Ukraine?

• What issues do they campaign about?

• What kinds of things do they do?

IV. Translate into English:

1. Захист навколишнього середовища – це одна із найбільш гострих проблем 20 століття.

2. Багато років тому люди жили у великій гармонії з природою.

3. Сьогодні наша планета у серйозній небезпеці.

4. Кислотні дощі, глобальне потепління, забруднення води і повітря та руйнування озонового шару є серйозними проблемами на сьогоднішній день.

5. Наші заводи та фабрики викидають свої відходи у воду та атмосферу і забруднюють довкілля.

6. Озоновий шар захищає Землю від шкідливих променів сонця.

7. Дири в озоновому шарі можуть привести до знищення всього живого на нашій планеті.

8. Діяльність багатьох громадських організацій спрямована на захист довкілля.

9. Грінпіс – це всесвітньовідома організація, яка вживає прямих заходів, щоб врятувати тварин, рослин та людей.

10. Земля – це наша домівка, тому ми повинні дбати про неї.

Topic 24. Art

Art

Art is a medium through which we express our emotions, intellect and ideas. When something is extremely beautiful or has great cultural value, we say: "It's art". Art is all around us in one form or another. We can find and study masterpieces of old and modern art in picture galleries and museums.

Although there are different forms of art, they can be divided into two classes: visual art and performing art. Visual art includes paintings, sculpture, literature, calligraphy, photography and architecture. Performing arts are all forms of dance, music, theater and films.

Visual Arts

Visual art like painting, sculpture and architecture developed with time. There are different art movements and styles. The most famous are: impressionism, cubism, surrealism, expressionism, fauvism, art noveu, realism and relativism. Visual arts are:

• Drawing - Drawing is a representation of object by hand by means of pencil, pen, etc. Drawings are not necessarily a depiction of what we see around us. A drawing can also be abstract, illustrating certain emotions and ideas that are in the mind of the artist.

• Painting – There are different types of painting genres: still life, landscapes, seascapes, portraits, abstract and pop. The painters may use oil colors, pastels, water colors and charcoal for painting pictures. The picture can be painted on the canvas or paper.

• Sculpture - Sculpture is a three dimensional form of art. A sculptor uses materials like clay, stone or wood to make a sculpture.

• Calligraphy – is the art of writing letters.

• Photography – Photography is the art of creating an image of an object on a photographic film. There are different types of photography: fashion photography, wildlife photography, food photography, wedding photography and so on.

• Architecture. "Architecture is frozen music". There are different architectural styles from Colonial, Victorian, French Colonial and Spanish to the modern ones.

• Fashion Design – is the art of designing clothes.

Performing Arts

Performing arts include: dance, music, opera, films, theatre, drama and magic shows. Singers, actors, comics, magicians, dancers and musicians are all people who do the performing arts.

• Dance is the art of moving either with music or without it. There are many dancing styles.

• Music – is the sounds produced by singing or by musical instruments. Music has the power to change our mood, lift our spirits and emotionally move us. There are different types of music: classical music, pop music, rock music, country music, jazz, etc.

• Cinema and Theatre – Cinema is the art of making films. Theatre is the art of representing a story before the audience. Both cinema and theatre use stories that capture the imagination of people. They are also good forms of entertainment.

Art played an important role in the development of the mankind. The first forms of art were found on walls of ancient caves. So we can guess that painting was the first way of art. Painting is the most understandable way of art, because it gives us the most full and vivid impression.