Vocabulary:

compulsory – обов’язковий

primary education – початкова освіта

infant school – дошкільний дитячий заклад

junior school – початкова школа (молодші класи)

secondary education – середня освіта

comprehensive school – загальноосвітня школа

boarding school – (a school providing living accommodation for some or all of its pupils) – пансіон

curriculum – навчальний план, програма

General Certificate of Secondary Education – свідоцтво про загальну середню освіту

“A”- level exam – екзамен “А” рівня

entrance to the university – вступ до університету

public school – приватна школа

III. Answer the questions:

1. How many years do children in Britain go to primary school?

2. How many stages are there in primary education? What are they?

3. Till what age do children stay in the secondary school?

4. What kind of exam do pupils pass when they finish secondary school?

5. What do the pupils do after finishing secondary school?

6. What is “A”- level exam?

7. What can you say about public schools in Great Britain?

8. Are there many universities in Great Britain? What are the most famous ones?

IV. Complete the sentences with the words from the box.

courses, independent, opportunities, Advanced, junior, available, public, compulsory, boarding, comprehensive

1. Primary education includes infant schools and ... schools.

2. ... secondary education starts at the age of 11-12 and lasts 5 years.

3. Most British children get their secondary education at... school.

4. Many pupils at the age of 16 leave school and go to a college to choose more practical ....

5. Pupils who decide to enter a university should pass ... level exams.

6. Secondary education is ... to all children in Britain.

7. Only less than 5 per cent go to ... schools.

8. Private schools where pupils of 13-19 years old study are called ... schools.

9. The schools where pupils live and study are called ... schools.

10. Many people believe that children should have equal ... at the start.

V. Translate into Ukrainian:

1. British children must stay at school from the age of 5 until they are 16.

2. Children who go to grammar schools are usually those who show a preference for academic subjects, although many grammar schools now also have some technical courses.

3. At the age of 16 pupils take school-leaving examinations in several subjects at the Ordinary level.

4. The curriculum includes more practical subjects. They are: English, Mathematics, Science, a foreign language, Technology and Design, History, Geography, Music, Art and Physical Training.

5. “A”- level exam is taken at the age of 18. It is the main standard for the entrance to the university.

Topic 82. Programmes of Students’ Exchange

Text 1

A Student Exchange Program

A student exchange program could generally be defined as a program where students from a secondary school or university choose to study abroad at one of their institution's partner institutions. The terms 'student exchange' and 'study abroad' are often used interchangeably; however, the two terms are describing separate items. To study abroad usually involves the student studying full-time at a university while student exchange programs only have students studying at a partner university of their home institution. Nevertheless, exchange students are also sometimes considered study abroad students because they are studying in a different country than their own. Although, a student exchange program does not necessarily require the student to study outside of their home country. For example, the National Student Exchange program (NSE) has students studying within their home continent and its territory.

According to the U.S. government, foreign exchange programs exist to provide certain international cultural exchange programs designed to provide practical training and employment, and sharing of the history, culture, and traditions of participants home country citing the Q series international cultural exchange visa's specifications as provided by the U.S. department of state.

The term “exchanges” means that partnered institution exchange their student but not necessarily the students have to find a counterpart from the other institution to exchange with. No tradeoff is actually required.

Two types of student exchange program are international and national student exchange program. Student exchange programs could be joined either by the secondary school or university student excluding National Student Exchange where it is design primarily for university student studying in American continent and its territory. An exchange student could live with a host family or in a designated place including hostels, affordable apartment/house or student lodge. The cost for each program differs according to countries and institution. The participants could either apply/receive scholarship, self-funded or apply/receive loan.

Student exchanges became popular after World War II, and have the aim of helping to increase the participants' understanding and tolerance of other cultures, as well as improving their language skills and broadening their social horizons. An exchange student typically stays in the host country for a relatively short period of time, often 6 to 10 months, in contrast to international students or those on study abroad programs which can last for several years. Some students on exchange programs can receive academic credit from the country they study in.