Задания к тексту 4

1. Запомните значения ключевых слов: interaction – взаимодействие, electrically charged particles – электрически заряженные частицы, responsible –ответственный, daily life – повседневная жизнь, force – сила, encounter – сталкиваться, govern – управлять.

2. Определите значение следующих слов, не пользуясь словарем: electromagnetism, diamagnetism, electromagnetic induction, device, electric motor technology, gravitation, protons, atoms.

3. Переведите текст, пользуясь словарем.

4. Назовите английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний: взаимодействие, проводник с постоянным током, основа для электромагнитного поля, электромагнитная индукция, законы электролиза.

5. Заполните пропуски соответствующими словами (electromagnetic field, interactions, electrically).

1. This governs the processes involved in chemistry, which arise from …..between the electrons inside and between atoms.

2. Faraday established the basis for the ……concept in physics.

3. Electromagnetism is the force that causes the interaction between …….charged particles.

TEXT 5

Electric motors

A machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy is called a generator, or dynamo, and a machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy is called a motor. So, a motor takes electricity and turns it into energy that can be used by us. Two related physical principles underlie the operation of generators and motors. The first is the principle of electromagnetic induction discovered by the British scientist Michael Faraday in 1831. If a conductor is moved through a magnetic field, or if the strength of the magnetic field acting on a stationary conducting loop varies, a current is set up or induced in the conductor. The converse of this principle was first observed by the French physicist Andre Marie Ampere in 1820. If a current is passed through a conductor located in magnetic field, the field exerts a mechanical force on it. An electric motor has to use magnetism and electric currents to work. There are two different kinds of motors, Alternate current (AC) and Direct Current (DC) Motors. They differ from each other only in using two different kinds of energy. The Alternate Current (AC) motor was introduced by Nikola Tesla in 1887. Up to that time direct current had been used by all other motors. Now, alternate current motors are easier to use than direct current ones. Motors are used everywhere. They are used in cars and many household appliances.

Задания к тексту 5

1. Запомните значения ключевых слов: underlie – лежать в основе; strength of the magnetic field – напряженность магнитного поля; stationary conducting loop – неподвижная токопроводящая петля (рамка); converse – противоположный, обратный; observe – изучать (с помощью наблюдения); exerts a mechanical force on it – зд. приведёт его в движение; adjust – регулировать; fed into them – подведённого к ним, питающего их.

2. Определите значение следующих слов, не пользуясь словарем: mechanical energy, machine, motor, generator, mechanical force, kinds of energy, magnetic field.

3. Переведите текст, пользуясь словарем.

4. Назовите английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний: электроэнергия, принцип электромагнетизма, магнитное поле, механическая сила.

5. Заполните пропуски соответствующими словами и словосочетаниями: a generator, generators, principles, different kinds, converts, a motor.

1. Two related physical ......underlie the operation of ......and motors.

2. They differ from each other only in using two ....of energy.

3. As it is known, a machine that ....mechanical energy into electrical energy is called ....or dynamo, and a machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy is called.....