- •The abc of modern english grammar: a key to successful communication
- •Unit 1. Singular and plural
- •1.1. Give the plurals of the following nouns.
- •1.2. Rewrite these sentences in the plural.
- •1.3. Complete these sentences with a singular or a plural count noun.
- •1.4. Complete these sentences with a singular or a plural verb.
- •1.5. Choose the correct answer.
- •1.6. Complete these sentences by adding the names given. Use each name twice.
- •1.7. Use the singular nouns below to complete the sentences which follow.
- •1.8. Use these plural nouns to complete the sentences that follow.
- •1.9. Use these collective nouns to complete the sentences that follow.
- •1.10. Choose the correct phrase to answer each of the questions below.
- •1.11. Render the sentences into English.
- •Unit 2. Numerals
- •2.1. Say the following numerals in English.
- •2.2. Say the following dates in English.
- •2.3. “What time is it?”
- •2.4. Match the questions with the appropriate answers. Practise saying the numbers.
- •2.5. Find the errors in these statements and correct them.
- •2.6. Country statistics
- •2.7. Give an English equivalent for the underlying sentences.
- •Unit 3. Quantifiers
- •3.1. Complete these sentences by using “some” or “any”.
- •3.2. Rewrite these sentences using “some” or “any”.
- •3.3. Choose the best alternative.
- •3.4. Complete the sentences using some, any or no. More than one answer may be possible.
- •3.5. Complete the sentences using a word from the box. There is one word you shouldn’t use. More than one answer may be suitable. Give all possible alternatives.
- •3.6. Choose the correct word in each sentence.
- •3.7. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence.
- •3.8. Rewrite each sentence so that it has a similar meaning and contains the word in bold.
- •3.9. Complete the sentences using much, many or a lot of. More than one answer may be possible.
- •3.10. Complete the sentences using a little, a few, little or few.
- •3.11. Choose the correct answer.
- •3.12. Complete these sentences using “little” or “few”.
- •3.13. Complete these sentences using “a little” or “a few”.
- •3.14. Complete these sentences using “a few”, “a little”, “very few”, “very little”.
- •3.15. Find the errors in these sentences. Rewrite each sentence.
- •3.16. Choose the best alternative in each case.
- •3.17. Choose the best alternative.
- •3.18. Complete these sentences using the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
- •3.19. Complete the following sentences with something, nothing, everything or anything.
- •3.20. Choose the best alternative.
- •3.21. Complete each sentence with one suitable word.
- •3.22. Complete these sentences using the determiners given in brackets.
- •3.23. Put these expressions into the table. Some go into more than one place.
- •3.24. Geography game
- •3.25. Give an English equivalent for these sentences.
- •Unit 4. Count and uncount nouns
- •4.1. Use these uncount nouns to complete the sentences below.
- •4.2. List these words in two columns side by side, one for uncountables and one for countables. Then join the words which have similar meaning.
- •4.3. Put the underlying words under three headings: countable, uncountable, or both.
- •4.4. Decide whether these sentences need the indefinite article a (an).
- •4.5. Correct the mistakes in these sentences.
- •4.10. Use these phrases with “the” and an uncount noun to complete the sentences which follow.
- •4.11. Choose the correct word or phrase in each sentence.
- •4.12. Put one word in each space. Put a dash (-) if the space should be blank.
- •4.13. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence and contains the word in bold.
- •4.14. Choose the best alternative to complete each sentence.
- •4.15. Choose the most suitable word in each sentence.
- •4.16. Complete each sentence with a suitable word from the box.
- •4.17. Complete each sentence with one suitable word.
- •4.18. Suggest the English for the sentences.
- •Unit 5. The imperative and “let”. Emphatic “do / does”
- •5.6. Supply the English for the sentences.
- •Unit 6. Word order
- •6.1. Read the following sentences and write down their structure using the letters s (for Subject), V (for Verb), o (for Object), and a (for Adverbial).
- •6.2. Change the meaning of these sentences by changing the subject and the object.
- •6.3. Put the adverbs given into the correct place. More than one answer may be suitable.
- •6.4. Put these words and phrases in the right order to make sentences.
- •Consolidation of Part 1 and Part 2
- •Recommended learning resources Reference and grammar books
- •Dictionaries
- •Internet resources
5.6. Supply the English for the sentences.
1. Нам действительно очень нравится черно-белое кино.
2. Прекратите курить.
3. Не открывайте окно без моего разрешения.
4. Давайте начнем работать. Уже много времени.
5. Ему на самом деле хочется туда пойти. Не мешайте ему.
6. Приводите с собой детей. И не забудьте взять крем от загара.
7. Я правда терпеть не могу жару.
8. Позвольте представиться. Меня зовут Майкл Ньюман.
9. Мы искренне хотим помочь Вам.
10. Не ходите в этот район одна.
11. Ей действительно нравятся полевые цветы.
12. Пожалуйста, напишите мне, как только получите ответ.
13. Давайте сходим куда-нибудь вместе.
14. Позвольте дать Вам один совет: живите своей жизнью и не мешайте жить другим.
15. Ведите себя тише, в конце концов.
Unit 6. Word order
REFERENCE
A Affirmative and negative sentences (Утвердительные и отрицательные предложения)
В английском языке порядок слов фиксированный. Для утвердительных и отрицательных предложений он следующий:
S + V + O + A |
S – Subject
V – Verb
O – Object
A – Adverb/Adverbial
Наличие дополнения или наречия (обстоятельства/обстоятельственного слова) не обязательно, но возможно:
Paul is speaking.
Paul speaks two foreign languages.
Paul speaks two foreign languages fluently.
Paul speaks confidently.
Paul isn’t speaking.
Paul doesn’t speak any foreign languages.
Paul doesn’t speak any foreign languages fluently.
Paul doesn’t speak confidently.
B Interrogative sentences (Вопросительные предложения)
В вопросительных предложениях используется инверсия – обратный порядок слов, перестановка местами подлежащего и сказуемого, используемая главным образом в вопросах. Это основной способ образования вопросительной формы предложения, употребляемый в абсолютном большинстве случаев:
He is a second-year student. – Is he a second-year student?
Pauline likes horror films. – Does Pauline like horror films?
Jeremy is repairing his bike. – Is Jeremy repairing his bike?
AuxV + S + V + O + A |
AuxV – Auxiliary verb
Do you smoke?
Is Jackie a doctor?
Was he dancing at last night’s party?
Did they see our presentation at the conference?
C Order of adverbs (Место наречий в предложении)
Наречие характеризует глагол, прилагательное, другое наречие или предложение целиком. Это определяет место наречия в предложении.
Существуют следующие правила расположения наречий в предложении:
♦ наречия обычно ставятся после глаголов, но перед прилагательными, другими наречиями и причастиями:
She walks slowly.
We are extremely hungry.
Jim left very early.
The book is beautifully decorated in Oriental style.
♦ наречия образа действия ставятся перед смысловым глаголом, после вспомогательного глагола или в конце предложения:
We easily won the match.
They are patiently waiting for the Council’s decision.
The police reacted swiftly.
♦ наречия степени законченности/интенсивности действия (absolutely, completely, strongly, totally, thoroughly, excessively, extensively, utterly, practically, extremely, very, quite, rather, etc.) ставятся перед прилагательным, наречием или смысловым глаголом, но после вспомогательного глагола:
Your suggestion is totally unacceptable.
He described the situation rather briefly.
I absolutely adore your sense of humour.
They don’t quite understand what we are talking about.
♦ наречия частоты действия (always, usually, normally, generally, often, frequently, ever, seldom, rarely, never, sometimes, occasionally, hardly ever, etc.) ставятся после вспомогательного глагола и глагола to be, но перед смысловым глаголом:
They are always complaining about everything!
She is never rude to anyone.
Samuel rarely says anything about his family.
♦ наречия места и времени обычно ставятся в конец предложения:
There is a nice Italian restaurant nearby.
Let’s go out tonight.
Некоторые односложные наречия времени (soon, now, then, just, etc.) ставятся перед смысловым глаголом, но после вспомогательного глагола или глагола to be:
She then told me what she was going to do next.
I will soon send you our catalogue by e-mail.
We are just back home.
♦ если мы хотим особо подчеркнуть значение, передаваемое наречием, то последнее можно поставить в начало предложения:
Yesterday, I received a letter from Carol.
In his garage, there is the latest model of Bentley.
Reluctantly, he accepted our offer.
♦ Если в предложении есть два или более наречий, они, как правило, располагаются в порядке образ действия – место – время:
James worked hard in his studio all Saturday long.
Если в предложении употребляется глагол движения (go, come, leave, walk, run, etc.), то порядок следования наречий меняется: место – образ действия – время:
We arrived here by plane a couple of days ago.
PRACTICE