VII. Образуйте Participle II от глаголов, данных в скобках. Полученные словосочетания переведите.

Model: a (to write) article – a written article – написанная статья.

1. (increase) safety;

2. (provide) electric heating;

3. (pay) money;

4. (serve) meals;

5. (rebuild) bridge;

6. (solve) problem;

7. (apply) lighting;

8. (complete) experiment;

9. (travel) distance;

10)(replace) steam locomotives

VIII. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление Participle II в функциях определения и обстоятельства. Подчеркните причастия II в английских предложениях и в переводе.

1. Among the exhibits shown at the fair one could see a new sleeping car produced in Germany.

2. During the test run the steam locomotive produced by Peter Cooper raced against a coach pulled by a horse.

3. When invented, the steam locomotive played an important part in transportation of freight and passengers.

4. When constructed, the railway was carefully tested.

5. The first passenger cars were similar to stage coach bodies mounted upon flanged wheels.

IX. Перепишите и переведите текст. The materials used in car construction

The bodies of the first passenger and freight cars were manufactured of wood. They were not strong enough and could not ensure the safe travel for passengers. Moreover, being heated with coal-burning stoves, the carriages were often set on fire.

The search for strength and safety led to all-metal cars. At first steel replaced wood in car construction. Being much stronger that the conventional wooden cars the steel cars contributed a great deal to increased safety and could provide a greater carrying and seating capacity. However, steel has two drawbacks as the material of construction for cars: steel is heavy and it rusts. Steel rusts so easily if it is not protected by paint and a steel car will rust away much quicker than an unpainted wooden car. To get away with these two disadvantages of ordinary steel modern cars are manufactured with bodies made of alloy steel and aluminum.

The application of aluminum and its alloys to rolling stock construction is sure to be of great economic importance because of the advantages these materials offer as compared with steel. Aluminum is a light weight metal, and it possesses good anti-corrosive properties. So its application results in considerable decrease of the rolling stock maintenance costs.

X. Ответьте на вопросы в соответствии с содержанием текста.

1. What did the search for strength and safety lead to?

2. What cars replaced the conventional wooden cars?

3. What drawbacks does steel have?

4. What is done to get away with these drawbacks?

5. What are the advantages of aluminum?

Вариант 5

I. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление времён группы Continuous (Present, Past, Future) в действительном и страдательном залогах. Выпишите сказуемые и укажите их видовременные формы.

1. If passengers want something to eat or drink while they are waiting for their trains they can go to the refreshment room.

2. The train is being delayed because of track repair work.

3. The program of railway reforms is being implemented now in Russia.

4. A great number of different locos are being built for the railways of our country.

5. The trains that go to and from London are very crowded at the times when people are traveling to work, since about a million people work in London but live in its suburbs.