2.2. Суффиксы

Ex. I. Form the derivatives with the suffix –er, -or from the initial words and translate both into Russian

debt; alligate, tell, change, employ, actuate, wash, plumb, amplify, simulate, sense, design, manufacture, originate, explore, adjust.

Ex. II. Translate the following sentences

1. The explorer David Livingstone and the inventor Alexander Bell were of Scottish descent. 2. Transformer is the device by which A.C. (alternating current) voltage is changed. 3. The building designer should calculate such proportions of the members of the structure, that they could resist any strain. 4. Alexander Graham Bell and his assistant Tom Watson were the inventors of telephone. 5. Power system simulator is an unrestricted training ground for electrical power engineers. 6. The characteristic feature of sensor equipment is to reproduce the abilities of a man. 7. New device Generator Load shows increase and decrease of the load and resistance. 8. Power screwdriver is an everyday engineered product with a motor and gearbox system. 9. In the market economy it is very important to form the basis for an economic and well-working exchange of product data of goods between the manufacturer and his client. 10. By means of the bill of exchange the creditor (the drawer) demands his money from a debtor.

Ex. III. Form the derivatives with the suffix –ist from the initial words and translate both into Russian

program, motor, industrial, technology, science, machine, chemistry, physics, physiology.

Ex. IV. Translate the following sentences

1. Alfred Nobel was the great Swedish inventor and industrialist. 2. He invented quite new explosive substance very important for building engineering, but remained an idealist in life. 3. The Russian mechanist Andrei Nartov is famous for his inventing a lathe. 4. The famous physicist Faraday worked on electrical problems of technique. 5. A machinist and all other people dealing with machinery should observe the safety rules with the help of guarding devices designed to protect them in the work shop. 6. Alexander Borodin is known as not only the famous musician, but also outstanding chemist. 7. The contribution to chemistry made by two skilled chemists Mendeleyev and Dalton is very high. 8. A French scientist Henri Becquerel discovered and investigated the phenomenon of so-called natural radioactivity. 9. The pure scientist makes theoretical calculations of the forecast phenomena. 10. The technologist contributes to the practical realization of productive needs.

Ex. V. Form the derivatives with the suffix –ment from the initial words and translate both into Russian

develop, ship, transport, employ, appoint, encourage, state, assess, arrange, adjust, require, reinforce, treat, expire, measure, equip, invest, depart, embody, acknowledge, assign.

Ex. VI. Translate the following sentences

1. Unproper treatment with technical apparatus may result in serious damages or even destruction. 2. Before working with any technical equipment, ix is necessary to make a thorough adjustment of all its units. 3. The most simple among the valve mechanisms is the one with vertical valve arrangement. 4. Some of the qualified graduates might be given an assignment to the post-graduate courses. 5. Various scales of grades are the measurement of achievements of the students at American educational schools. 6. Any engineer may concern both with the development of new production processes and with the development of new products. 7. The displacement of hydrogen by metals in acids usually results in forming salts. 8. Installation of new equipment always requires additional expenses. 9. The statement is the type of paying document which gives the businessman the chance to pay off in various time periods: by the month, the quarter, the year. 10. Every corporate company is organizationally divided into several departments and sectors.

Ex. VII. Form the derivatives with the suffix –sion from the initial words and translate both into Russian

divide, decide, divert, supervise, compress, transmit, precise, emit, convert, confuse, suspend, tense, provide, collide, fuse, cohere.

Ex. VIII. Translate the following sentences

1. All policy decisions are taken by the Prime Minister, as a rule, with the consent of ministers. 2. For measuring the diameters of various parts the measuring tool called calipers is used. It can measure both the inside and the outside dimensions of the articles. 3. The majority of measuring tools have scale of divisions. 4. For obtaining more accurate dimensions in engineering, precision measuring instruments are used. 5. The division of any substance results in its minute particles. 6. Any chemical action is characterized by attraction or repulsion of elements, the rate of reaction and so on. 7. Physicists discovered the law of conversion of energy from potential to kinetic which was very important for mechanical engineering. 8. In scientific calculations it is necessary to avoid the confusion of different uses of one and the same term, as stress instead of unit stress. 9. With the development of science and engineering a number of subdivisions emerge, for example, electronic from electrical engineering and petroleum from chemistry. 10. A nozzle of any type may be considered as a perfusion device.

Ex. IX. Form the derivatives with the suffix –tion from the initial words and translate both into Russian

аmplify, alternate, construct, notify, consider, modify, circulate, reduce, produce, opt, recognize, qualify, ignite, occupy, tract, intensify, determine, equal, multiply, assume, distort, exhibit, negotiate, consume.

Ex. X. Translate the following sentences

1. Just since the end of the war the construction of destroyed buildings has started in the centre of London. 2. The design and installation of production systems is the matter of concern of the project engineer.3. The solution of the problem of the lack of high-qualified staff is the invitation of visiting professors. 4. The application of welded work has a lot of advantages in engineering. 5. The internal combustion engine was invented for converting fuel directly into power. 6. By chemical interaction the qualitative and quantitative composition of a substance can be greatly changed. 7. For the production of jet and rocket engines the alloys resistant to high temperature are used. 8. Chemists usually deal with the study of substances and their transformations. 9. Great scientist Einstein calculated equation of the Theory of Relativity: E = mc². 10. The assumption that any body consists of small particles or molecules, between which forces are acting was fully confirmed.

Ex. XI. Form the derivatives with the suffix –ing from the initial words and translate both into Russian

process, treat, spray, machine, weld, grant, load, develop, engineer, bear, turn, cast, mill, grind, fire, assume, transform, rub, calculate, yield, grease.

Ex. XII. Translate the following sentences

1. James Watt developed the concept of horse-power for measuring the engines capacity. 2. The technologist should keep the eye on observing all technological processes. 3. Engineering is wide branched field of activity. 4. Designing and developing new fixtures began according to the plan of reconstruction of production line. 5. Metal processing is realized with the help of various types of lathes. 6. Performing market research is the essential need in manufacturing field. 7. In mechanical engineering there exist various couplings and clutches intended for connecting shafts and other revolving parts. 8. Assuming that melted and softened layers of ground can result in distortion of buildings led the designers to usage of ferro- concrete piles. 9. A heat engine is a machine for transforming heat into mechanical energy. 10. Calculating the girder (балка) strength appeared correct.

Ex. XIII. Form the derivatives with the suffix –al from the initial words and translate both into Russian

option, vocation, origin, initiate, manage, margin, intern, contract, structure, therm, universe, friction.

Ex. XIV. Translate the following sentences

1. All vocational schools prepare specialists for practical, industrial jobs: they train technologists, technicians and craftsmen. 2. Technical vocational education is the basis of preparing skilled workers for mechanical engineering and construction. 3. Optional courses contribute to widening view of future specialists. 4. The external force acting upon a solid body is called the strain (напряжение, деформация). 5. The internal force acting per unit of area is called the stress (напряжение, усилие). 6. The bodies recover their original state when the distorting force is removed. 7. Steel, wood, stone, concrete are considered to be widely spread structural materials. 8. All types of industrial robots may be regarded as universal manufacturing equipment. 9. Employment of industrial robots ousted the majority of manual operations at production. 10. Managerial achievements in a great extent depend on individual talents of employees. 11. Only the fifth part of the newly start-up businesses are marginally successful (beneficial).

Ex. XV. Form the derivatives with the suffix –ence, - ance from the initial words and translate both into Russian

resist, maintain, utter, depend, differ, apply, refer to, allow, insure, tolerate, perform, clear, rely.

Ex. XVI. Translate the following sentences

1. The long life of any equipment depends on its proper maintenance. 2. Appliances

for converting energy from one form to another are called engines. 3. All the members of building structures should possess the properties ensuring resistance to various loadings. 4. In the case of insurance it is possible to obtain indemnity for the loss of money, damage of households or threat to a health. 5. It is possible to find a reference to some of the methods and equipment employed by the leading enterprise in the latest magazine. 6. In production of ball and roller bearings tolerances should be strictly observed. 7. Stress is the internal strength of a unit or a structure to render resistance to loadings. 8. The machinery will serve longer by high performance of operation and maintenance. 9. The finished CAD design forms the bases to locate design faults such as colliding components, incorrect locating flanges, insufficient minimum clearance and so on. 10. On the principles of electromagnetic design high reliance is achieved.

Ex. XVII. Form the derivatives with the suffix –able, -ible from the initial words and translate both into Russian

manage, suit, rely, predict, avail, compare, adjust, neglect, prefer, profit, admit, permit.

Ex. XVIII. Translate the following sentences

1. As a rule, a reliable steering gear and brakes ensure drive safety. 2. It is desirable to keer the outdoors equipment for good maintenance in the shelter if available. 3. All temperature measurements are referable to the thermodynamic Centigrade Scale. 4. The most profitable enterprises are those providing services. 5. With new system warning motorist against skid, the permissible limit of wheel spinning is controlled by the accelerator. 6. Some of the building materials are flexible and thus subject to deformation.

Ex. XIX. Form the derivatives with the suffix –cian from the initial words and translate both into Russian

technics, mathematics, physics, electricity, academy, music.

Ex. XX. Translate the following sentences

1. Georgy Depp, a noted thermotecnician adviced to start development work on the diesel engine at one of the plants in Russia. 2. One of the ancient inventors of a pump and siphon was very skillful mathematician. 3. The person who deals with electrical devices, electric current and various electrical conveniences is called electrician. 4. The outstanding inventor of the telephone Alexander Bell previously planned to be a musician.

Ex. XXI. Form the derivatives with the suffix –tial, -cial from the initial words and translate both into Russian

society, finance, office, benefit, essence, substance.

Ex. XXII. Translate the following sentences

1. The official residence of the Cabinet in London is situated in Downing Street, 10. 2. The officials of many countries were authorized at the Assembly. 3. Sometimes the most commercial D.C. (direct current) generators can run as motors. 4. The construction in the eternal frost areas is not beneficial. 5. One of the essential disadvantages of pneumatic robots is the drooping speed-torque characteristic.

Ex. XXIII. Form the derivatives with the suffix –ee from the initial words and translate both into Russian

employ, trust, draw, pay, consign.

Ex. XXIV. Translate the following sentences

1. The number of employees is one of the criteria of small business enterprises. 2. Good management permits employees to grow according to their individual abilities. 3. The drawee (the debtor), in accepting the bill, should pay money to any bank named by him on the bill. 4. The drawee should accept or acknowledge his debt by signing his name on the front of the bill. 5. Payee is one who receives money for selling goods or services. 6. Payee is one of participants of a transaction who gets money. 7. One of the insurance rules is: as soon as the consignee receives the ordered and delivered goods he should examine it for damage.

Ex. XXV. Form the derivatives with the suffix –ive from the initial words and translate both into Russian

adhes, abrase, add, explose, represent, exclude, expend, object, derive, excess, execute, innovate.

Ex. XXVI. Translate the following sentences

1. The great Swedish scientist Alfred Nobel invented a new explosive – dynamite. 2. The main branches of power in any country are: legislative, executive and juridical. 3. The main principal of internal combustion engine is that it works on the energy of explosive charge. 4. A substance in the result of substituting its atoms by those of another one gives a compound called a derivative. 5. The abrasive corundum is the material which is used for producing sandpaper. 6. Prestressing the structural components is intended to withdraw excessive loading. 7. New age executives should possess six fundamental managerial skills. 8. A new software system called ArcZink is an innovative speed-up tool for off-line programming of are welding robots.

Ex. XXVII. Form the derivatives with the suffix –ture from the initial words and translate both into Russian

depart, mix, arm, expend

Ex. XXVIII. Translate the following sentences

1. The part of the dynamo which carries the system of moving conductors is called the armature. 2. The steering gear nomenclature includes a great variety of types of steering mechanisms.

Ex. XXIX. Form the derivatives with the suffix –ity from the initial words and translate both into Russian

elastic, available, viscos, plastic, flexible, rigid, ductile, weldable, conductive.

Ex. XXX. Translate the following sentences

1. The well known scientist Robert Hooke discovered the ratio of stress to strain for a definite material which is called the modulus of elasticity. 2. In order to expedite (устранить) the ascent of the gas bubbles in the internal combustion engine, it is necessary to reduce the suction flow velocity to the supply pump by using large pipes. 3. Metal rods inserted into the cement parts add rigidity to the structural units. 4. Long life, high strength and good workability are the properties which should be usual for industrial machinery. 5. The most ferrous and non-ferrous metals possess such useful property as ductility. 6. The majority of metals are used where thermal and electrical conductivity is needed.