2. Упражнения на терминообразование

2.1. Префиксы

Ex. I. Translate the terms with the prefix pre-

preproject, preconditioned, prestressed, prefabricated, predetermined, preselected, predominate, preamble, preschedule, prepunched, preload, preframed, precompression, prefinishing, prepacked.

Ex. II. Translate the following sentences

1. Knowing the subject by the student may be measured by a predetermined number of grades. 2. In the diesel engine the latent energy of the fuel is transferred by being injected into the predetermined quantity of air. 3. In case of a confined gas the pressure may be kept at any desired value and by the addition of heat the temperature may be raised to any predetermined point. 4. If x and y are the two arbitrarily prescribed numbers, then the corresponding point P is uniquely determined. 5. Pneumatic industrial robots are recognized as machinery which moves between two preselected points. 6. Among three kinds of business – manufacturing, selling, providing a service – the latter predominates. 7. The dimensions of the parts should be of the prescribed type. 8. Recreational activities are predominantly realized in large cities. 9. The function of existing parks is primarily the preservation and scientific observation of various ecological systems. 10. The first article of any contract is the preamble (преамбула) in which the names of the firms, the sides of the contract, are given.

Ex. III. Translate the terms with the prefix re-

reengineering, rerouting, reinforcement, rearrangement, readjustment, reproduce, recreation, realign, reclaimer, recalculation, reshape, remove, rebuilding.

Ex. IV. Translate the following sentences

1. Chemical reactions always represent a rearrangement of atoms into new molecules. 2. The strain in a body exceeding a certain value, the body will not recover completely its original state when the acting force is removed. 3. An automated lathe may be reprogrammed for fulfilling operations depending upon the needs of production. 4. The ability of robots to be easily taught or reprogrammed refers them to “clever” equipment. 5. In any sphere of business it is necessary to include remodeling into your onetime start – up costs. 6. Duly identified the spare parts should be re–issued to the appropriate departments for assembly. 7. When you buy equipment from a reliable supplier, you get the reassurance of getting machinery of high quality. 8. The task of all teaching machines is to reproduce features of many industrial processes. 9. Reinforced structures can bear heavier strains (напряжение). 10. For improving environment in large cities recreational areas are promoted including hikers (путешественник) paths, parking and playing areas and refuges (островки безопасности).

Ex. V. Translate the terms with the prefix dis-

dismantle, discharge, disconnect, disengage, dissolvent, dissolution, dispose, dislocation, disadjust, disalignment, disassemble, disboard, discoupling, disrepair, dispossess, displace, displacement.

Ex. VI. Translate the following sentences

1. Clutches are such devices which are employed to connect and disconnect shafts during their motion or at standstill. 2. The gears (the speeds) of the car are changed when the clutch is disengaged. 3. In chemical reactions the displacement of components according to the law of conservation of mass takes place. 4. The vertical displacement of the workpiece centre and the drill centre is about 2 mm. 5. If external forces are applied to a body, the mutual displacement of its particles take place. 6. In a gas separating apparatus for fuel oil supply system for the internal combustion engine a fuel discharge pipe is a very important part. 7. The disadvantage of this car is the consumption of great amount of fuel. 8. Dissolution of a firm may be in the case of retirement, bankruptcy or death of a general partner. 9. One of the articles of copartnership should be - distribution of assets and name of business if dissolved. 10. One of the terms of our order is the speed discharge of the quickly deteriorated (скоропортящийся) goods.

Ex. VII. Translate the terms with the prefix non-

Non-absorbent, non-additive, noncohesive, non-conducting, non-current, non-amplified, non-capacitive, noncorrodible, nonfailure, non-adjustable, nonbearing, noncoherent, noncontinuous, nonconventional, nondetachable, nondimensional.

Ex. VIII. Translate the following sentences

1. Some types of home-made radio and TV-sets are non-current. 2. Alloy steel is non-corrosive. 3. Several devices can work as non-condensing. 4. Both ferrous and non-ferrous metals are known to possess the following properties: elasticity, ductility, toughness, brittleness, hardness and corrosion resistance. 5. Plastics are non-metals, but they may be machined like metals. 6. Plastics cannot be referred to neither ferrous nor non-ferrous metals, but possess of a great variety of their properties. 7. Plastic materials are very good non-conductors. 8. One of the practical advantages of plastic materials is that they are non-corrodible. 9. There are no non-ageing building materials. 10. In some technical devices there may be nondetachable parts.

Ex. IX. Translate the terms with the prefix un-

unprecedented, uninflammability, unarmoured, unassembled, unbend, unbolt, uncharged, uncouple, undamaged, unclamp, unbalanced, unloading, unemployment.

Ex. X. Translate the following sentences

1. The property of a body to return, after removing strain or unloading, to its initial form is called elasticity. 2. Company’s unprecedented leap from an unpromising enterprise to one of the leading in its branch owes to great innovations. 3. Some synthetic products are prescheduled with such properties as, flexibility, wear and tear resistance and uninflammability. 4. In machine-building various kinds of steel are produced, among them alloy (легированная) steel and unalloyed one. 5. The packing was undamaged and the discharge has been commenced. 6. For the lack of time by the dislocation of the plant a lot of machinery was transported in unassembled condition. 7. In order to uncase packing it was necessary to unclamp braces (металлические планки). 8. For unbolting operations it is possible to use a wrench. 9. To unbolt a screw it is possible to use manual or electric screwdriver. 10. Usually common cars have unarmoured glasses.

Ex. XI. Translate the terms with the prefix de-

destruction, decompose, degradation, devaluate, degassing, decoder, debug, deburring, debooster, decompress, decoupling, deflate, demount, depowering, delamination, dehumidification.

Ex. XII. Translate the following sentences

1. When the gears are shifted into high, the two gears on the transmission main shaft are demeshed from the countershaft gears. 2. By a particular conditions some compounds can be decomposed into derivatives. 3. The students were tasked to decompose the substance. 4. When external forces act on a body, it is said that the body is in the state of deformation or strain. 5. The law of degradation of energy means the reduction of energy which can be transformed into mechanical work. 6. During collapse in economy the currency of the country is devaluated against the dollar. 7. The function of a degassing pipe in a gas separating apparatus is very important. 8. Thanks to their decentralized and demand-oriented structure, the skilled trades are able to respond to individual requirements. 9. Decoder is inalienable part of automatically controlled equipment. 10. After casting and stamping parts it is necessary to fulfill deburring operation.

Ex. XIII. Translate the terms with the prefix sub-

substandard, subhousing, submerged, subsample, subsupplier, sublease, subemployment, submarginal, subpurchaser, subbase, sub-letting, subtotal, subdivision, subset.

Ex. XIV. Translate the following sentences

1. Mechanical engineering at the present state may be subdivided into industrial engineering and automated one. 2. Cab subframe is one of the main parts of a cab body. 3. The submerged parts of the piles should be very strong. 4. Some subsamples of the data should be processed immediately. 5. The firm may refer to the Arbitration Commission in the case of delivery of substandard parts. 6. The subsupplier is the supplier of the parts for the enterprise, which is in its turn, the supplier of units. 7. Sublease is a lease granted by a person who does not own but only rents a property. 8. Subdivision in American English means a tract of land intended for building any structures. 9. The articles of an agreement may be subdivided into subitems. 10. Subscribing imployes various actions: to make a gift of money, to pay a loan, to buy shares. 11. Digital modeling was used to represent components, sub-assemblies and assemblies, thus allowing complex kinematics to be studied.

Ex. XV. Translate the terms with the prefix ir-

irradiation, irresoluble, irresolvable, irreversibility, irreversive, irrotational, irrecoverable, irrational, irreversible, irregular.

Ex. XVI. Translate the following sentences

1. Nonobservance of the rules of maintenance of machinery may result in the emergence of irregularities. 2. The damages of goods as consequence of force-majeur circumstances may be considered as irredeemable. 3. Irrevocable credit is a credit which cannot be cancelled. 4. The reaction of splitting the atom may be irreversible. 5. Extreme stresses may cause deformation and the components of the structure may acquire the irregular form. 6. This substance may be referred to as irresoluble one. 7. The design contained some disadvantages including irrational functioning. 8. The Curies found out the unknown phenomenon called irradiation. 9. The mysterious irradiator was called “radium”. 10. The proper choosing alternatives helps to avoid irresolvable situations.

Ex. XVII. Translate the terms with the prefix ad-

admixture, admeasurement, adjoin, adjust.

Ex. XVIII. Translate the following sentences

1. A little admixture of a foreign element is able to change the property of a substance. 2. The admeasurements of the load should correspond to the transporting platform. 3. Adjoining all parts of the unit all admissible tolerances should be observed. 4. In running-in instructions it is period to keep a check on the temperature of the front wheel hubs. 5. If the hubs overheat, it is necessary to adjust the bearings as instructed in the section “Front wheel bearing adjustment”.