Добавил:
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:

Uverennost_v_sebe_Kak_povysit_samootsenku_pr

.pdf
Скачиваний:
1
Добавлен:
06.04.2020
Размер:
5.46 Mб
Скачать

: « . , » 111

2.

, , ,

, , , .

, ,

. ,

. ,

» « », , , ,

.

, ,

? . : ,

,

. ,

, , – , ,

. , ? « ».

,

, . ,

. « », ,

, , , –

.

,

, . , , –

.

, , –

, .

, ,

, .

– ,

. , ,

, , ;

, , ,

, . . , ,

, , ,

, ,

, ( ). ,

, , {196}. –

.

. ,

, ,

, , , ,

. ,

196

M. Kleinjan, R. J. van den Eijnden, and R. C. Engels, “Adolescents’ Rationalizations to Continue Smoking: The Role of Disengagement Beliefs and Nicotine Dependence in Smoking Cessation,” Addictive Behaviors 34, no. 5 (2009): 440–45.

: PRESSI ( HERSON )

: « . , » 112

. ,

, – , ,

,

.

, , . .).

, :

, .

, ,

, ,

{197}.

« », ,

.

, .

,

,

. , , , ,

,

. , , ,

( ), , (

). , ,

, ,

. ,

» ,

, – . , «

.

»{198}. , , ,

,

,

.

,

. ,

, , ,

, .

, .

, , .

( ) ,

, ; ,

197

J. W. Brehm, “Postdecision Changes in the Desirability of Alternatives,” Journal of Abnormal Psychology 52, no. 3 (1956): 384–89.

198

H. Blanton, B. W. Pelham, T. DeHart, and M. Carvallo, “Overconfidence as Dissonance Reduction,” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 37, no. 5 (2001): 373–85.

: « . , » 113

, .

, ,

, , .

, ,

,

.

,

, . ,

,

, . ,

(

) ( , ).

, ,

. , .

,

: « , ». ,

. ,

, ,

.

,

{199}. , , ,

, .

: ,

) ( ), , ,

. ,

, , ,

. :

, –

, .

, ,

,

. ,

»{200}. «

. , ,

, ,

.

»{201}.

199

J. Jaccard, T. Dodge, and V. Guilamo-Ramos, “Metacognition, Risk Behavior, and Risk Outcomes: The Role of Perceived Intelligence and Perceived Knowledge,” Health Psychology 24, no. 2 (2005): 161–70.

200

Blanton et al., “Overconfidence as Dissonance Reduction,” 373.

201

Baumeister et al., “Does High Self-esteem Cause Better Performance,” 31.

: PRESSI ( HERSON )

: « . , » 114

: « , »{202}.

, –

, :

, . ,

, . ,

( ), , ,

, .

– « »,

, (

), (

). ,

{203}, ,

{204}. , ,

( , , ) ,

, . . :

, . : ,

,

.

, ,

. ,

, {205}.

( )

, ,

{206}.

, ,

, {207}.

, , ,

202

S. G. Tallentyre, Voltaire in His Letters, Being a Selection from His Correspondence (New York and London: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1919).

203

H. Tennen and G. Affleck, “The Puzzles of Self-esteem: A Clinical Perspective,” in Self-esteem: The Puzzle of Low Self-regard , ed. R. Baumeister (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 1993), 241–62.

204

Baumeister et al., “Does High Self-esteem Cause Better Performance?”

205

Y. Benyamini and O. Raz, “ ‘I Can Tell You If I’ll Really Lose All That Weight’: Dispositional and Situated Optimism as Predictors of Weight Loss Following a Group Intervention,” Journal of Applied Social Psychology 37, no. 4 (2007): 844–61.

206

M. Gerrard, F. X. Gibbons, M. Reis-Bergan, and D. W. Russell, “Self-esteem, Self-serving Cognitions, and Health Risk Behavior,” Journal of Personality 68, no. 6 (2000): 1177–1201.

207

Gerrard et al., “Self-esteem, Self-serving Cognitions.”

: « . , » 115

{208}.

, , , –

. , ,

, «

».

,

. , ,

.

,

. « » –

( , ),

, . ,

,

, , . ,

,

, , . ,

, .

, .

, , {209}.

{210}.

, ,

{211}. , 90 %

, ,

,

{212}.

208

D. A. Raynor and H. Levine, “Associations Between the Five-Factor Model of Personality and Health Behaviors Among College Students,” Journal of American College Health 58, no. 1 (2009): 73–81.

209

R. Buehler, D. Griffin, and M. Ross, “Exploring the ‘Planning Fallacy’: Why People Underestimate Their Task Completion Times,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 67, no. 3 (1994): 366–81.

210

T. A. Wadden, S. N. Steen, B. J. Wingate, and G. D. Foster, “Psychosocial Consequences of Weight Reduction: How Much Weight Loss Is Enough?” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 63, no. 3 (1996): 461S–465S.

211

R. Goldbeck, P. Myatt, and T. Aitchison, “End-of-Treatment Self-efficacy: A Predictor of Abstinence,” Addiction 92, no. 3 (1997): 313–24.

212

S. Allsop and B. Saunders, “Relapse and Alcohol Problems,” in Relapse and Addictive Behaviour , ed. M. Gossop (New York: Tavistock/Routledge, 1989), 11–40.

: PRESSI ( HERSON )

: « . , » 116

, : 50 %

, «

»{213}. 10 %

6–12 {214}. , 30 , 1980- , 80 %

{215}. , ,

( ,

){216}.

,

, {217}.

, ,

, . , ,

,

,{218} ,

. , , , ,

, {219}.

,

.

, ,

. : ,

, , …{220}

213

J. J. Arnett, “Optimistic Bias in Adolescent and Adult Smokers and Nonsmokers,” Addictive Behaviors 25, no. 4 (2000): 625–32.

214

S. Cohen, E. Lichtenstein, J. O. Prochaska, J. S. Rossi, E. R. Gritz, C. R. Carr, C. T. Orleans, et al., “Debunking Myths About Self-Quitting: Evidence from 10 Prospective Studies of Persons Who Attempted to Quit Smoking by Themselves,” American Psychologist 44, no. 11 (1989): 1355–65.

215

J. O. Prochaska, W. F. Velicer, E. Guadagnoli, J. S. Rossi, and C. C. DiClemente, “Patterns of Change: Dynamic Typology Applied to Smoking Cessation,” Multivariate Behavioral Research 26, no. 1 (1991): 83–107.

216

M. Muraven and R. F. Baumeister, “Self-regulation and Depletion of Limited Resources: Does Self-control Resemble a Muscle?” Psychological Bulletin 126, no. 2 (2000): 247–59.

217

J. O. Prochaska, C. C. DiClemente, and J. C. Norcross, “In Search of How People Change: Applications to Addictive Behaviors,” American Psychologist 47, no. 9 (1992): 1102–14; J. O. Prochaska and W. F. Velicer, “The Transtheoretical Model of Health Behavior Change,” American Journal of Health Promotion 12, no. 1 (1997): 38–48.

218

K. D. Brownell, “Personal Responsibility and Control over Our Bodies: When Expectation Exceeds Reality,” Health Psychology 10, no. 5 (1991): 303–10.

219

K. Trottier, J. Polivy, and C. P. Herman, “Effects of Expectations About Outcomes on Self-Change Resolutions”

).

220

: « . , » 117

, . ,

. ,

, , ,

.

, , ,

( ) .

( , , ) .

, , ,

, . , ,

. ,

. , , « ».

, , ,, , –

, . ,

. .

{221}.

, ,

, ,

,

.

,

,

. ?

– , .

,

. .

, :

! !». ,

,

– (

). , ,

,

. ,

, ,

. – ,

– ,

J. Polivy and C. P. Herman, “The Effects of Resolving to Diet on Restrained and Unrestrained Eaters: The ‘False Hope Syndrome’,” International Journal of Eating Disorders 26, no. 4 (1999): 434–47.

221

J. Polivy and C. P. Herman, “If at First You Don’t Succeed: False Hopes of Self-Change,” American Psychologist 57, no. 9 (2002): 677–89.

: PRESSI ( HERSON )

: « . , » 118

, {222}. –

.

, ,

« , » «

, , » . .

,

, .

. , , ,

, {223}.

,

, . , ,

, , {224},

, {225}.

, ,

. , « ;

».

. ,

, . ,

. ,

.

,

{226}.

( ,

222

,

, .

. (

) , ,

; ( )

, .

223

Polivy and Herman, “If at First You Don’t Succeed,” 686.

224

S. V. Zagona and L. A. Zurcher Jr., “An Analysis of Some Psychosocial Variables Associated with Smoking Behavior in a College Sample,” Psychological Reports 17, no. 3 (1965): 967–78.

225

S. Schachter, “Recidivism and Self-Cure of Smoking and Obesity,” American Psychologist 37, no. 4 (1982): 436–44.

226

F. Gino, A. W. Brooks, and M. E. Schweitzer, “Anxiety, Advice, and the Ability to Discern: Feeling Anxious Motivates Individuals to Seek and Use Advice,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 102, no. 3 (2012): 497–512.

: « . , » 119

). , , ,

.

, ,

,

. ,

,

.

« »; ,

« ,

,

.

1500 ,

, ,

. ,

, .

, ,

. , {227}.

, ,

.

50 % – , 2005 .

45 % 75 % .

15 % ,

.

( 5 % ),

» 30 % 7 % , « » – 22 %

4 % .

3 , .

5 % , (

); , , , 12 % .

, , 10 % ,

.

10 % . . « »

, ).

10 % , .

, 12 15

, 5 . –

. ,

227

R. M. Pinkhasov, J. Wong, J. Kashanian, M. Lee, D. B. Samadi, M. M. Pinkhasov, and R. Shabsigh, “Are Men Shortchanged on Health? Perspective on Health Care Utilization and Health Risk Behavior in Men and Women in the United States,” International Journal of Clinical Practice 64, no. 4 (2010): 475–87.

: PRESSI ( HERSON )

: « . , » 120

:{228} « ,

».

, ,

. ,

, .

, ,

, . ,

, .

( )

,

: )

; ) ,

; )

. , –

,

( ),

.

– – ,

, –

2–3 , , ,

,

. , ,

: , .

, .

.

, .

. –

?

,

,

. « ».

, .

, , .

{229}.

,

. ( ),

228

: , , ,

. ,

, , , .

229

“The Biggest Loser,” NBCUniversal, http://www.biggestloser.com/UKedition .