7. Complete the sentence with the past simple passive form of the verb in brackets.

a) In ancient time, fires (light) ………… to use smoke as a signal over long distances.

b) Morse code (invent) ………… by an American called Samuel Morse.

c) the world’s first television images (show) ………….. to scientists in Scotland in 1926.

d) Radios (use) ………… to broadcast coded messages during the Second World War.

e) The World Wide Web (design) ………… originally to make it easier for nuclear physics researchers to communicate.

f) Buying books and CDs over the Internet (make) ………… popular by the company Amazon.

g) The first mobile phones with cameras (sell) ………… in Japan.

h) Vinyl albums and tapes (replace) ………… by CDs, which are now being replaced by mp3.

i) The first English dictionary (wrote) ………… by Robert Cawdrey in 1604.

j) The first mass-produced cars (introduce) ………… by the Ford company in the USA.

8. Choose the correct form, a or b to complete the sentence.

a) Martin had some very strange ......... when he stayed in the old castle.

A experience B experiences

b) I’ve always enjoyed ........., which is why I have worked abroad a lot.

A travel B journey

c) The teacher was upset with the children’s .........

A behaviour B behaviours

d) Some people think that if they don’t eat ........., they will lose weight.

A bread B loaf

e) The computer printer has run out of .........

A paper B papers

f) In this part of the country, it isn’t easy to find a .........

A work B job

g) Can you take my ......... upstairs, please?

A luggage B luggages

h) Kate is earning a lot of ......... in her new job.

A money B moneys

9. Complete the text with a / an, the or leave blank for zero article. Glaciers

Most of a) ......... world’s glaciers are found near b) ......... Poles, but c) ......... glaciers exist on all of d) ......... world’s continents. e) ......... need f) ......... special kind of climate. Most are found in g) ......... areas of high snowfall in winter and cool temperatures in summer. These weather conditions ensure that h) ......... snow that falls in the winter isn’t lost by i) ......... melting or j) ......... evaporation in summer. Such conditions typically occur in polar and high alpine regions. There are two main types of k) ......... glaciers: l) ......... valley glaciers and m) ......... continental glaciers or ice sheets. n) ......... glaciers depend on o) ......... snow or p) ......... freezing rain to survive. In Antarctica, for example, although q) ......... temperature is low, there is little snow or rain, and this causes r) ......... glaciers there to grow very slowly.

A glacier forms when s) ......... snow builds up over time, turns to t) ......... ice, and begins to flow outwards and downwards because of u) ......... pressure of us own weight v) ......... buried layers slowly grow together to form a thickened mass of w) ......... ice. x) ......... thickness of y) ......... glacial ice usually makes it seem a little blue in colour.