4. Complete the text with the present simple or will form of the verb in brackets. The future of our solar system

The Sun a) ......... (continue) much as it is today until it b) ......... (enter) its red giant phase in 4 to 5 billion years. Then, the core c) ......... (grow) smaller and hotter until it finally d) ......... (finish) burning the fuel in its nuclear core. When this e) ......... (occur) the core f) ......... (become) so dense that helium fusion will begin. When the helium atoms g) ......... (collide), they h) ......... (form) carbon 9from 3 helium atoms) and oxygen (from 4 helium atoms). When the process i) ......... (begin) the Sun j) ......... (produce) enormous amounts of energy. The Sun k) ......... (grow) larger as this energy l) ......... (increase). It m) ......... (be) over a hundred times its present size by the time it n) ......... (stop) growing. This is why we use the term red giant. As the Sun o) ......... (expand), it is probable that it p) ......... (absorb) the Earth. When the Sun q) ......... (use) up all its energy, it r) ......... (become) a small white dwarf, and s) ......... (not make) any more energy. After a few billion years, when it is completely cool, it t) ......... (be) just a cold dark object.

5. Complete the text with the –ing form or to-infinitive of the verbs in brackets. The first explorers to cross Australia

John Stuart decided a) ......... (cross) Australia from south to north in 1859. He wanted b) ......... (win) a prize offered by the South Australian government. This meant c) ......... (travel) across mountains and desert for 3,000 kilometres. He and his three companions kept d) ......... (ride) for eight months before reaching the centre of the continent. What had they expected e) ......... (find) ? So far they had only succeeded in f) ......... (discover) a huge desert. On this expedition Stuart failed g) ......... (reach) the coast, and turned back ill and short of food. He tried h) ......... (complete) the journey the next year, but failed again. Finally in 1861 he managed i) ......... (arrive) at the northern coast, near the modern city of Darwin. Ever since he has been famous for j) ......... (cross) the continent, though sadly he died soon after his return to Adelaide.

5. Read the information about Heinrich Schliemann. Then complete the text by writing said or told in each space. Translate the text. Heinrich Schliemann – an interview in the 1860s.

Heinrich Schliemann was a German archaeologist who excavated a city in Turkey in 1871 and decided that it was ancient Troy. He found evidence of destruction by war, and also discovered some gold objects. Nowadays archaeologists believe that his methods of excavation were unscientific, and they also believe that some of his discoveries were false.

Recently many experts have 1) ……… that Schliemann had a habit not telling the truth, and this has raised doubts about his work. For example, he 2) ……… everyone he was a US citizen, but in fact this wasn’t true. He also 3) ……… he had a degree from the University of Rostock, but in fact the university rejected the thesis. He 4) ……… he had found gold jewellery at Hissarlik, but some people believe these were modern pieces. In fact, his servant later 5) ……… people that no jewellery had been found in the places that Schliemann claimed to have found it. He also 6) ……… the authorities in Turkey that he was an archaeologist, but he didn’t have any qualifications. When he talked about his work, he always 7) ……… people that he had dreamed of finding troy when he was a small boy, but many people feel that he invented this story later. However, although many archaeologists at the time 8) ……… that his work was inaccurate, we have to remember that archaeology was not a science in Schliemann’s time. He may not have always 9) ……… the truth, but he brought a lot of energy to the discovery of the ancient world, and devoted his life and his wealth to his excavations.