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3. Translate the letter:

GRANT & CLARKSON

148 Mortimer Street London W1C 37D

Messrs Matthews 5 Wilson 421 Michigan Avenue Chicago, III. 60602

20th November, 2006

Dear Sirs,

We have pleasure in notifying you that your credit was confirmed by our bank yesterday, 19th November. We have had the 1900 'Swinger' dresses collected today for transport by British Airways to Chicago on 25th November.

Enclosed is our invoice for the goods in question plus the extra charges for air freight, packing lists to facilitate customs clearance at your end, certificate of origin, air waybill and insurance policy.

Hoping that this initial order will lead to further business, we are

Yours faithfully,

N.Armstrong

Nick Armstrong

Answer the questions:

Why could dispatch only be made on 20th November?

Why was air freight charged extra?

What documents are necessary for an air shipment?

Translate the text:

Maritime transportation of hazardous goods

Goods transported by sea are governed by the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act, 1925 and the (Indian) Bills of Lading Act, 1856. Besides, the Merchant Shipping Act, 1958 and the Marine Insurance Act, 1963 are also applicable.

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is responsible for maintaining and updating the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code) which governs the vast majority of shipments of hazardous materials by water. The IMDG Code is intended to provide for the safe transportation of hazardous materials by vessel, protect crew members and to prevent marine pollution. The Code is based on the UN Model Regulations but also includes additional requirements applicable to the transport of hazardous materials by sea (e.g., requirements for marine pollutants, freight containers loading procedures, stowage and segregation and other requirements applicable to shipboard safety and preservation of the marine environment) that are not covered by the UN Model Regulations.

Transportation of hazardous cargo on containers by rail are subject to the statutory provisions of the IRCA Red Tariff. Railways have also accorded provisional permission for carriage of dangerous/ hazardous/offensive goods which fall under the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code in containers, subject to their packing and stuffing being as per specifications of the IMDG Code.

Answer the questions:

  1. What are laws governing carriage of goods by sea?

  2. What are the man functions of International Maritime Organization (IMO)?

  3. How do you understand the term “Red Tariff”?