- •Minor Types of Word Formation.
- •Abbreviation
- •Graphical abbreviations
- •1. Graphical abbreviations of Latin origin have different English equivalents in different contexts: p.M. Can be pronounced «in the afternoon» (post meridiem)
- •2. Graphical abbreviations of native origin, where in the spelling there are abbreviations of words and word-groups of the corresponding English equivalents in the full form:
- •Initial abbreviations
- •In the course of time they acquire the shortened form of pronouncing and become closer to lexical abbreviations:
- •Initialisms are denoted in different ways. Very often they are expressed in the way they are pronounced in the language of their origin:
- •In some cases the first component is a complete word and the second component is an initial abbreviation with the alphabetical pronunciation:
- •It is the way of word-building when a word is formed by imitating different sounds.
- •It is the way of word-building when a word is formed by dropping the final morpheme to form a new word. It is opposite to suffixation.
- •It appeared in the language as a result of misunderstanding the structure of a borrowed word .
- •In cases of back formation the part-of-speech meaning of the primary word is changed, verbs are formed from nouns.
- •Shortening Clipping
- •Clipping
- •Синонимические Ряды Редупликативов
- •Основные модели образования редупликативов
- •Номинализация
- •Shortening
Синонимические Ряды Редупликативов
Чушь, пустая болтовня Blah-blah Hocus-pocus Chin-chin Talk-talk Yak-yak Yatata-yatata Yuk-yuk Uble-guble Chit-chat Chitte-chatter Yackety-yak Wiggle-waggle Fiddle-faddle Holly-golly Slang-whang Abba-dabba Abracadabra Gibber-gabber О.К. Hunkie-dunkie Okey-dokey Okle-dokle A-OK Akey-okey Великолепный Bitchen-twitchen Super-duper Tip-top Ducky-wucky Wonderful-schmonderful Rooting-tooting Killer-diller Hot-shot Hotsy-totsy Hipper-dipper |
Дурак, сумасшедший Foo-foo Dum-dum Dumb-dumb Dead-head Yo-yo Hoddy-dobby Gaga Coo-coo Ding-a-ling Nitwit Обман Razz-matazz Hanky-panky Flim-flam Razzle-dazzle Jiggery-pokery Hocus-pocus Hotsie-totsie Razzle-dazzle Пьяный Zig-zag Dee-dee Coo-coo Boozy-woozy DD Rum-dumb Skunk-drunk
|
N |
-y(ie)
-er (-or) -ure
-ury
-ion |
Housie-housie Домик Anchor-clanker Моряк Culture-vulture Любитель искусства Century-schmentury Век Motion-lotion Бензин |
Adj |
-y(ie)
-ful |
Classy-chassy Привлекатель-ная женская фигура Careful-schmareful Аккуратный |
P-le 1 |
-ing |
Rooting-tooting Восхитительный |
Основные модели образования редупликативов
Модель |
Пример |
N+N |
Culture-vulture Любитель Искусства |
A+A |
Teeny-weeny Крохотный |
A+N |
Fat-cat Богатый человек |
V+V |
Win-win Взаимовыгодный |
Ving+Ving |
Rooting-tooting Восхитительный |
Номинализация
(П.В. Царев)
breath-takingly (поразительно)
long-awaited (message)
paper-thin
the 20000-dollar-a-year-job
four-in-a-room-arrangement
a sit-down dinner party
out-of-office hours
forget-me-not gaze
don’t give-me-a-damn attitude
a £63-a week pay claim
one-person operated
TEST in LEXICOLOGY
The word radar is the case of:
conversion
borrowing
abbreviation
back-formation
Define the type of Word-formation of the word fall out, adj.:
Conversion
suffixation
borrowing
conversion and composition
The word slimnastics is the case of:
abbreviation
blending
back-formation
borrowing
The words dog-legged, left-handed are:
root words
derivatives
compound words
compound derivatives
The suffix –ity found in the words cruelty, oddity, purity, stupidity is a …
denominal suffix
deverbal suffix
noun-forming suffix
adjective- forming
The prefix fore- in the word foreknowledge means …
‘before’
‘placed at the front’
‘inside, within’
‘after’
The structural pattern of the word heavy-hearted is …
a + (n + -ed)
(a + n) + -ed
(a + n) + -sf
a + n + -ed