Unit 2. Writing Process Framework

Basic

Marginal

Advanced

Proficiency

My ideas development impedes progress.

I need a great deal of assistance in writing.

• I may miss even high points.

• The information is baffling/befogging.

• I may use repetition to fill space.

• The ideas stays on the surface, they have frugal development.

• I have a restricted flow of information., trivia overload.

• I leave reader in the dark.

• I may show the limited knowledge of topic.

• I may have questionable/missing details, unsupported statements.

• My writing competence can be described as meager, skimpy, flimsy, shallow, adequate achievement.

• On the whole, I`m a competent writer.

• My paper is solid and trustworthy, but general, the nuances are missing.

• The information is competently presented.

• But I may leave reader hungry for the details, arguments, supporting information.

• My paper is a kind of overview, it`s a matter-of-fact. I may leave some questions of the paper for another, but hit the high points.

• The ideas development is sparing to modest.

• My organization is functionally informative, clear, but simple.

• I reaffirm what reader knew/suspected. My writing competence can be described as an answer to basic questions, commendable achievement.

• On the whole, I`m a commendable writer.

• I can ferret out the curious, the remarkable, the little known.

• My paper is bursting with details, bits of the surprising, the unexpected arguments, supporting information.

• I may take the reader by the hand, anticipate reader's questions, keeping the paper lively.

• My paper is a well of good information, creative examples, tells enough, tells what matters.. My writing competence can be described as beyond obvious, exceptional achievement. On the whole, I`m an exceptional writer.

Writing stage

Definition

Writing strategies and TIPs

1. Prewriting

This covers everything you do before starting your rough draft, coming up with an idea

TIP: Once you have an idea, you need to expand on it. Don’t make the mistake of jumping straight into your writing – you’ll end up with a badly structured piece.

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Ideas are all around you. If you want to write but you don’t have any ideas, try:

• Using a writing prompt to get you started.

• Writing about incidents from your daily life, or childhood.

• Keeping a notebook of ideas – jotting down those thoughts that occur throughout the day.

• Creating a vivid character, and then writing about him/her.

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• Free writing: write everything that comes into your head about your chosen topic. Don’t stop to edit, even if you make mistakes.

• Brainstorming: Write the idea or topic in the center of your page. Jot down ideas that arise from it – sub-topics or directions you could take with the article.

Once you’ve done one or both of these, you need to select what’s going.

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1. decide which ideas you’ll use. During your free writing and brainstorming, you’ll have come up with lots of thoughts. Some belong in this piece of writing: others can be kept for another time.

2. decide how to order those ideas. Try to have a logical progression. Sometimes, your topic will make this easy

2. Writing

Writing itself starts, creating the rough draft or rough copy.

TIP 1: At this stage, don’t think about word-count, grammar, spelling and punctuation. Don’t worry if you’ve gone off-topic, or if some sections of your plan don’t fit too well. Just keep writing!

TIP 2: You might write several drafts, especially if you’re working on fiction. Your subsequent drafts will probably merge elements of the writing stage and the revising stage.

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• Set aside at least thirty minutes to concentrate: it’s hard to establish a writing flow if you’re just snatching a few minutes here and there.

• Go somewhere without interruptions: a library or coffee shop can work well, if you don’t have anywhere quiet to write at home.

• Switch off distracting programs: if you write your first draft onto a computer.

3. Revising

To make “big picture” changes. The stage is sometimes summed up with the A.R.R.R.

Tip: If you’re not sure what’s working and what isn’t, show your writing to someone else.

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What else does the reader need to know:– look for ideas which you didn’t use.

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Even when you’ve planned your piece, sections may need rearranging:

• If you found that the argument would flow better if you reordered your paragraphs.

• If a story that drags in the middle but packs in too much at the end.

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• If one of your ideas doesn’t work out.

• If the funny story doesn’t really fit with the rest of your article.

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• If you need to bring your piece to life with the help of vivid details

• If you need stronger examples and quotations to support your argument

• If a particular paragraph isn’t working

4. Editing

The stage is distinct from revision, and is done after revising. It involves the close-up view of individual sentences and words.

TIP: Edit your work only after you’ve made revisions on a big scale: or else you could agonize over a perfect sentence, only to end up cutting that whole paragraph from your piece.

• Go through your piece line by line, and make sure that each sentence, phrase and word is as strong as possible.

• Don`t use the same word too many times in one sentence or paragraph? Use a thesaurus to find alternatives.

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to make your thoughts clear.

• Find the words that could be cut to make a sentence stronger (Words like “just” “quite”, “very”, “really” and “generally” can often be removed).

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Keep a careful look out for problems like subject-verb agreement and staying consistent in your use of the past, present or future tense.

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• Proofread as many times as necessary.

5. Publishing

The final step of the writing process – production of a final copy of their work, in the correct format.

TIP: Your piece of writing might never be published. Nothing that you write is wasted, because it all contributes to your growth as a writer.

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