Summary Chart of Verb Tenses Сводная схема времен глагола
SIMPLE
PRESENT Present
progressive
Tom studies every day. Tom is studying right now.
SIMPLE PAST Past PROGRESSIVE
Tom studied last night. Tom was studying when they came.
SIMPLE
FUTURE FUTURE PROGRESSIVE
Tom will study tomorrow. Tom will be studying when you come.
P
RESENT
PERFECT PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
Tom has already studied Chapter Tom has been studying for two
One. hours.
PAST
PERFECT PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
Tom had already studied Chapter One Tom had been studying for before he began studying Chapter Two. hours before his friends came.
Future perfect future perfect progressive
Tom will already have studied Tom will have been studying
Chapter Four before he studies for two hours by the time his
Chapter Five. roommate gets home.
Verbs in the passive form*
|
Simple |
Progressive |
Perfect |
Present |
Moscow is visited by millions of people every year. |
I wake up early now. A big house is being built just in front of my window, and they start working at 5 a.m. |
I’ve got good news. We are moving soon. Our new house has already been built. |
Past |
Some researchers think that Moscow was founded much earlier than in the 12th century |
When we were here last month, this house was being built, remember? Look, now it’s ready! |
We applied to that building company because it had a good reputation – lots of beautiful had already been built by them. |
Future |
The newspapers say that several sports centers will be built in our city. |
Don’t call me tomorrow at 3 p.m. I will be watching TV as a new plan of the reconstruction the city will be being discussed. |
I don’t have a lot of opportunities to do sports now. But I hope that a big sports center with a swimming pool will have been built not far from my house by the end of this year. |
* Passive voice doesn’t use Perfect Progressive tense.
MODAL VERB |
MEANING |
EXAMPLE |
CAN |
1) физическая и умственная способность 2) возможность
3) разрешение 4) в отрицаниях – запрете (“нельзя”) 5) просьба |
I can swim quite well.
Everyone can make a mistake. Can I go home? You can’t cross the street here! Can I have some juice? |
MAY |
1) разрешение 2) возможность (также might) |
You may go now. I may/might become a doctor. |
MUST |
1) долженствование, исходящее от говорящего 2) в отрицаниях – запрете (строже, чем с can) |
You must do it right now.
Cars mustn’t be parked here. |
SHOULD/ OUGHN TO |
1) совет (следует, стоит)
2) моральное обязательство 3) с Perfect Inf. (have done) – упрек |
You shouldn’t eat so many sweets. Children ought to help their parents. You should have called me.
|
NEED |
1) необходимость (как модальный – только в отрицательных предложениях)
|
You needn’t do it right now.
|
SHALL |
1) предложение 2) намерения |
Shall we begin? He shall come to the party.
|
WILL/ WOULD |
1) желание, намерения 2) просьба, предложение 3) в отрицаниях – настойчивое сопротивление (“никак не”) |
I will/ would lend you some money. Will/ would you help me? The door won’t/wouldn’t open. |