Vocabulary exercises to be done at home

Exorcise 8. Do exercises 1, 2, 3 again. Rереat exercise 4.

Exercise 9. Translate the following word-combinations in written form and make up sentences with them.

1. the entire process of manufacture

2. natural inhabitant

3. a slight contamination

4. proved therapeutic

5. a value

6. a creamy consistency

7. a clean acid flavour

8. a caramelized appearance

9. to prevent contamination

Exercise 10. Прочитайте уважно текст. Зробіть грамотний, з точки зору спеціаліста, переклад.

Exercise 11. Answer the following questions.

1. What things are essential to the successful production of acidophilus milk?

2. What are the steps of the manufacture of acidophilus milk? Speak on each of them.

3. When should the milk have a caramelized appearance?

4. Why must we pay a great attention to the inoculating process?

TEST

Exercise 12. Find the right Ukrainian equivalents. Give sentences with them.

a). odour	b). забруднення
whey	смак
batch	виробництво
contamination	запах
starter	дозування
equipment	чиста закваска
flavour	нагляд; спостереження
supervision	обладнання
manufacture	сироватка

Exercise 13. Determine the functions of the Infinitive in the sentences.

1. Even though Lactobacillus acidophilus be acclimated to milk, its growth is unable to overcome a slight contamination.

2. The first step in the manufacture of acidophilus milk is to obtain a pure culture of the bacterium Lactobacillus acidophilus of proved therapeutic value.

3. The flasks which are to carry the starter must be filled with fresh skim milk and plugged with cotton then sterilized in an autoclave for 20 minutes.

4. The greatest care must be observed in the inoculating process to prevent contamination of the batch.

Exorcise 14. Make up the plan for the text in written form.

Speak on: a) The role of a starter for manufacture of acidophi­lus milk.

b) Treatment of milk as preparation of the starter.

Unit V

Vocabulary exercises

WORDS TO REMEMBER

Exercise 1. Read the words aloud several times and memorize them. Read and answer the following questions.

acidify [ə'sɪdɪfaɪ] (v) – окисляти

Does the word “acidify” mean “to become acid”?

How do you acidify milk at home?

soluble  ['sɔljəbl] (adj) – розчинний

Is salt soluble in water?

Do you add some detergents to fats to make them soluble in water?

call [kɔːl] (v) –  називати, звати

How do we call the geometrical figure which has three angles?

Is the word “to name” the synonym to the word “to call”?

coagulate [kəu'ægjəleɪt] (v) –згущати; згортати, коагулювати; зсідатися

Does the word-combination “to coagulate blood” mean “to change it into a soft semisolid mass”?

What kind of ferment can coagulate the milk?

rennet ['renɪt] (n) – сичужок

Is rennet a substance used for curdling milk?

Do we prepare the enzyme rennet from the stomachs of calves?

lactic ['læktik] (adj) – молочний

Is lactic acid used for preservation of food?

Is lactic acid a colourless syrupy carboxylic one found in many fruits?

dilute [daɪ'luːt] (v) – розбавляти, розріджувати, розводити; розчиняти

Is it possible to dilute petrol by means of water?

owe [əu] (v) – бути винним, бути зобов'язаним (чим-небудь чому-небудь, кому-небудь)

Do we owe to Newton the principle of gravitation?

What substance does some milk owe its acidification to?

mold [məuld] (n) – пліснява, цвіль; плісенний грибок

Does mold develop in a damp atmosphere?

How do you protect the bread from mold?

yeast [jiːst] (n) – дріжджі

Is yeast used in raising dough for bread?

What substances makes possible the fermentation of beer?

age [eɪʤ] (v) – дозрівати, старіти, витримувати (вино, сир)

Are the words “to age” and “to mature” synonyms?

cook [kuk] (v) –  готувати (їжу)

Can we cook anything by boiling?

Does “to cook” mean “to become ready for eating”?

inferior [ɪn'fɪərɪə] (n) - особа, яка стоїть нижче за положенням, рангом, званням, (adj) - який знаходиться нижче, низький, нижчий за положенням, званням, рангом, нижчий за значенням, достоїнством, цінністю, сортом, якістю

Is the mark “satisfactory” inferior than the mark “excellent”?

Can you give an antonym to the word “inferior”?

Does the word “inferior” mean lower or higher in quality?

Skill [skɪl] (n) майстерність, мистецтво; вправність; досвід; спритність, уміння

Can you acquire a skill in sport by training?

Have the words “skills” and “manual proficiency” the same meaning?

ADDITIONAL VOCABULARY

Exercise 2. Look through words and try to memorize them.

ripeness (n) – зрілість, спілість

pound (n) – фунт (одиниця ваги: англ. = 453,6 г)

exposure (n) – виставляння, положення

specimen (n) – зразок; екземпляр

moisture (n) – вологість, вогкість; волога

fancy (adj) – вищої якості

permit (v) – дозволяти; давати дозвіл

incorporate (v) –  з'єднувати, об'єднувати

vary (v) – (часто from) різнитися; розходитися; відхилятися; відрізнятися

acquire (v) – придбати,  здобувати; одержувати; досягати

base (v) – (on, upon) засновувати, обґрунтовувати

require (v) – вимагати, наказувати

attain (v) – досягати, домагатися

depend (v) – (on, upon) залежати; обумовлюватися

remove (v) – відсувати, прибирати, знищувати, видаляти; усувати

Exercise 3. The most useful and common words

by – за допомогою

as much as – стільки ж

within – в межах

due to – завдяки; внаслідок; в результаті

whereas – тоді як, в той час як

than – чим