Vocabulary exercises to be done at home

Exercise 8. a) Do exercises 1,2,3 again.

b) Repeat the words in exercises 4 and memorize then.

Exercise 9. Translate the following word combinations in written form.

a) into Ukrainian

1. when the creamery method is used

2. by running the whole milk

3. through centrifugal separators

4. by the addition of a lactic acid starter

5. without the aid of a starter

6. in earthen crocks

7. to bring something into contact with

b) into English

1. застарілий метод

2. дозрівати

3. пастеризоване зняте молоко

4. масло, зроблене з вершків

5. несмачний

6. хороший смак і приємний запах

7. гранули висушуються

8. жирові кульки

9. згортатися

Exercise 10. Speak on butter manufacture according to the plan given below:

1. The old-fashioned method of butter manufacture.

2. The creamery method.

3. The steps in the process of butter manufacture.

Individual work.

COMPREHENSION, COMPOSITION, PRECIS WRITING.

Exercise 11. Read Text B attentively.

Text B.

Butter is the fat extracted from milk. Most of the butter is made from pasteurized cream to which a starter (a culture of bacteria) has been added. The main purpose of pasteurization is to reduce the number of microorganisms which might be pathogenic or produce undesirable flavour in the butter.

The amount of coloring matter to be added depend on the amount of natural colour in the cream. The amount of salt added varies with the amount of water left in the butter; the more water the more salt.

All butters contain a high percentage of vitamin A, the amount varying with the bread of cattle and the season of the year.

Exercise 12. Find in Text B English equivalents of the following Ukrainian word combinations:

1. витягнутий з

2. основна мета

3. знизити кількість мікроорганізмів

4. надавати небажаний смак

5. залежати від; варіюватися

Exercise 13. Read Text B again and give the title to the text.

Exercise 14. Finish the sentences according to the contents of Text B.

1. As far as I know butter is _________________________________________.

2. In fact the main purpose of _______________________________________.

3. The author stresses that the amount of coloring matter __________________.

4. In author’s opinion all butters _____________________________________.

Exercise 15. General Topics for Discussion and Composition (based on Text A and Text B)

• The Ingredients of Butter

• The Process of butter Manufacture

Unit VIII

Vocabulary exrcises

WORDS TO REMEMBER

Exercise 1. a) Read the words aloud several times and memorize them.

b) Translate the following word combinations with the new words.

ice-cream [ˌaɪs'kriːm] (n) - морозиво

chocolate ice-cream; fruit ice-cream; ice-cream cone; coffee with ice-cream; vanilla ice cream

delicious [dɪ'lɪʃəs] (adj) – чудовий, чарівний; дуже смачний; дуже приємний

delicious dinner; delicious taste; delicious odour; delicious food.

What a delicious cake!

nutritious [njuː'trɪʃəs] (adj) - живильний; поживний

nutritious value; nutritious food; nutritious cream

frozen ['frəuzən] (adj) - заморожений

frozen food; frozen meet; frozen fish

dairy ['deərɪ] (n) - молочний

dairy equipment; dairy-farm; dairy products

denote [dɪ'nəut] (v) -  виражати, позначати; значити, означати

to denote a thing; What does this symbol denote?

introduce [ˌɪntrə'djuːs] (v) -  вводити

to introduce into operation; to introduce new ideas; to introduce a new word

record ['rekɔːd] (n) – письмове згадування, письмовий слід (чого-небудь)

to make a record of something; recorded facts; record of ice-cream

gain [geɪn] (v) –  одержувати, отримувати; здобувати, набувати; добувати

to gain information; to gain knowledge; to gain experience; to gain leadership

value ['væljuː] (n) -  цінність; важливість; корисність

economic value; the value of fresh water; to be of great value

ADDITIONAL VOCABULARY

Exercise 2. Look through the words and phrases and remember them.

scanty (adj) – скупий, убогий, мізерний, недостатній

credit (v) –  приписувати

smooth (adj) – однорідний

claim American origin – претендувати на американське походження

seasonal increase – сезонне збільшення

desired percentage – бажаний відсоток

century (n) – століття

Exercise 3. Learn most useful and common words.

however – проте, однак; незважаючи на

definitely – чітко, ясно, точно; безсумнівно; звичайно

among – серед

commonly – звичайно, зазвичай

although –  хоча, незважаючи на те, що