- •Передмова
- •Основна частина warming-up activities Sounds /p, t, k/
- •Sounds /s, z, Iz/
- •Look at the verbs you have underlined. Work in pairs. Put the verbs into three groups according to the pronunciation of the third person ending
- •Circle the correct pronunciation to complete the rules.
- •Work in pairs. How much of the passage can you remember? Use the verb list to help you. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the verb endings.
- •Make up a story about people of other professions: a teacher, a lawyer, a bricklayer, etc. Ending -ed
- •Work in pairs. Put the verbs into three groups according to the pronunciation of the -ed ending. Make up the rules explaining it.
- •Illnesses
- •Listening discrimination.
- •Listen carefully to each pair of words. Are the vowels, they contain, the same or different? Clap your hands if they are the same.
- •2) Which word does the speaker pronounce? Circle the word you hear.
- •Sounds /t–d/
- •Read the words. Mind! /f/ is voiceless, /V/ is voiced.
- •Learn the tongue twisters :
- •Practise reading the following story. Think of the possible reasons of the boys' fight.
- •An explanation of how to pronounce each sound:
- •Read the words taking care to pronounce phonemes /t‒s/ correctly.
- •The teacher reads one or the other item of a minimal pair and the students are asked to say whether the item contains sound /s/ ("1") or sound /t/ ("2").
- •The students should give the contrasting item of the pair:
- •Students compose a dialogue from the key words given in curds, supplying all necessary forms:
- •Learn the poem by heart.
- •Read the words. Mind! /t/ is voiceless and /d/ is voiced.
- •Read the words taking care to pronounce the phonemes /t‒t/.
- •Listen to these pairs of words. Some of them are minimal, some identical. Raise your hands if they are identical:
- •Give the contrasting item of a minimal pair:
- •Sing a song "Three blue pigeons".
- •VI. Choose eight words out of the list of words below and make up a story:
- •Try to guess the names of animals, containing phonemes /k/, /g/:
- •Make up a short story using the following words:
- •Illnesses and diseases
- •Guess what it is.
- •Read the story and say what is the lesson of this story.
- •Read the words taking cake to pronounce the phonemes /l–r/ correctly:
- •Learn the tongue-twister:
- •In small groups choose eight words from the list below. Then create a story using these words in any order.
- •Words with these phonemes:
- •Illnesses and diseases:
- •Which underlined word does the speaker pronounce? Circle the word you hear:
- •Read the story. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the phonemes /r–a/.
- •Characterize these phonemes:
- •Look at the list of words. Circle the words which contain an /aI/ sound and box the words that have an /I/ sound.
- •You will hear sentences. Listen and decide what words the speaker will pronounce.
- •The letters I, y, can be pronounced as /I/ or /aI/. Put the following words into the correct column below according to their pronunciation.
- •Match up the following mini-dialogues.
- •Choose eight words from the list below. Create a story using these words in any order.
- •Read the words:
- •Illnesses and Diseases:
- •Play a game "Broken telephone".
- •Strip Story.
- •Words with these phonemes:
- •Illnesses and diseases
- •Learn the tongue twister:
- •Listen carefully to each pair of words. Are the diphthongs they contain the same or different? Clap your hands if they are the same.
- •Prepare good reading of the dialogue. Reproduce it in indirect speech.
- •Theoretical Section module 1 reduction
- •Articles
- •Prepositions
- •Conjunctions
- •Particles
- •Verbs (modal, link, auxiliary)
- •Pronouns
- •6.1. Personal pronouns
- •6.2. Possessive pronouns
- •6.3. Relative pronouns
- •6.4. Reflexive pronouns
- •6.5. Indefinite pronouns
- •Articles. Prepositions
- •Give the transcription of the correct form of the italicized words.
- •II. Write the weak forms of the underlined words. London
- •Destination Hawaii
- •III. Read and transcribe the following sentences.
- •IV. Complete the following tables.
- •Conjunctions. Particles
- •Transcribe the sentences; underline and explain the cases of reduction.
- •Transcribe the underlined words and explain the reduction type. Quite a Script!
- •Tickle down the sentences where the underlined conjunctions preserve their full form.
- •IV. Complete the following table.
- •V. Find conjunctions and particles in the given text and explain whether they undergo reduction. My Week in Cambridge
- •VI. Complete the following table.
- •VII. Choose the correct answer.
- •Pronouns
- •Read the sentences and pay attention to the underlined words. Define which of them are pronouns and which are not, and what class they belong to. Transcribe the sentences.
- •Transcribe the given sentences according to the rules of reduction.
- •Complete the following table.
- •IV. Find in the text reduced pronouns and give their full forms. Punishment
- •V. Explain if the italicized words undergo reduction. Transcribe the word combinations in bold type.
- •VI. Complete the following table.
- •VII. Read the sentences carefully and put pluses near the ones where pronouns are reduced and minuses where they aren't.
- •VIII. Complete the following table.
- •IX. Transcribe the word combinations according to the rules of reduction.
- •X. Brush up the theory on pronouns! Underline the right variant.
- •Give the transcription of the correct form of the italicized words.
- •II. Write the weak forms of the underlined words. Brains and Beauty
- •Larger than Life
- •Interview with Mr. Ian Beer, Head Master of Harrow School
- •III. Read and transcribe the following sentences.
- •IV. Complete the following table.
- •Revision
- •Give the transcription of the correct form of the italicized words.
- •Write the weak forms of the underlined words.
- •Read and transcribe the following sentences.
- •Module 2 basics of intonation
- •Module 3 the anatomy of an intonation pattern
- •I. Transcribe and pronounce the following words.
- •Match the words with their definition.
- •Finish the following definitions.
- •Read and transcribe the following sentences. Draw on the staves the correct variant of the tonogram for each sentence. Define the structure of the intonation pattern.
- •Transcribe the sentences of the jokes. Put stresses and nuclear tones. In your transcription, point out the Pre-Head, the Head, the Body/Scale, the Nuclear Tone and the Tail.
- •Module 4 the graphical structure of an intonation group
- •Module 5 types of scales
- •Read and transcribe the following sentences. Draw on the staves the correct variant of the tonogram for each sentence.
- •Choose the correct variant of the tonogram, which corresponds to the tonetic stress marks suggested in the sentence.
- •Read, transcribe and intone the following sentences. Put necessary tonetic stress marks in each sentence to show the type of scales suggested in brackets.
- •Transcribe and intone the following sentences using all types of the Descending Scales. Be sure to take a new nuclear tone for each sentence.
- •Transcribe and intone the following sentences using all types of the Ascending Scales. Be sure to take a new nuclear tone for each sentence.
- •Transcribe and intone the following sentences using all types of the Level Scales. Be sure to take a new nuclear tone for each sentence.
- •Module 6 phonostylistics as the branch of linguistics
- •Practical Tasks
- •Transcribe the following words.
- •Give the equivalents to the following words and word combinations.
- •Finish up the sentences, using the theoretical material.
- •Fill in the gaps.
- •Agree or disagree to the following.
- •Discuss the questions.
- •Phonostylistics as the Branch of Linguistics
- •Module 7 functional style
- •Practical Tasks
- •Transcribe the following words.
- •Give find the equivalents to the following.
- •Form as many synonyms as possible.
- •Finish up the sentences.
- •Fill in the gaps.
- •Agree or disagree to the following.
- •Discuss the following questions.
- •Module 8
- •Informational style
- •Practical Tasks
- •Transcribe the following words.
- •Give the equivalents to the following.
- •Fill in the gaps.
- •Agree or disagree to the following.
- •Discuss the following questions.
- •Tapescripts.
- •It is not expected that each student will intone the text in the same way.
- •Act out the situations.
- •Informational style
- •Module 9 scientific (academic) style
- •Practical Tasks
- •Transcribe the following words.
- •Translate the following words and word combinations.
- •Find the sentences with the word combinations listed above in the text and read them aloud.
- •Fill in the gap in the following sentences.
- •Questions for discussion.
- •Tapescripts
- •It is not expected that each student will intone the text in the same way.
- •Act out the situations.
- •Scientific (Academic) Style.
- •Module 10 Publicistic Style
- •Types of Speeches Speeches Focused on Persons
- •Speeches for Special Occasions
- •Types of Informative Speeches
- •Practical Tasks
- •Transcribe the following words.
- •Give the equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Finish up the sentences using the theoretical material.
- •Fill in the gaps.
- •Discuss the following questions.
- •Tapescripts
- •It is not expected that each student will intone the text in the same way.
- •7. Act out the situations.
- •Imagine you are invited to take part in the students’ discussion concerning tastes in music. This is the part of your speech.
- •Publicistic Style
- •Module 11 declamatory style
- •Stepping Head Broken Stepping Head Heterogeneous Head
- •Practical Tasks
- •Transcribe the following words.
- •In the text provided find the sentences with the following word combinations, translate them and learn by heart.
- •Complete the sentences.
- •Questions for discussion.
- •5. Tapescripts
- •Etiquette
- •The stag's antlers
- •6. Test
- •Declamatory style.
- •Module 12 Familiar (Conversational) Style
- •Practical Tasks
- •Transcribe the following words.
- •In the text provided find the sentences with the following word combinations, translate them and learn by heart.
- •Agree or disagree to the following.
- •Questions for discussion.
- •Tapescripts
- •The Patient and the Doctor
- •6. Test
- •Familiar (Conversational) Style
- •Final Tests Phonostylistics as the Brand of Linguistics
- •Functional Styles
- •Informational Style
- •Scientific/Academic Style
- •Publicistic Style
- •Familiar Style
- •Література
6. Test
Test your knowledge of the theory.
Familiar (Conversational) Style
Choose the right answer.
Familiar style, unlike other styles, allows the occurrence of the …of intonation patterns existing in English.
a) entire range b) special set c) peculiar features
Relatively …conversational situations are characterised by low pre-heads falling or stepping heads and simple low falling / rising tones.
a) unexcited b) unexcited c) unrelated
Students who have studied English for several years in their own countries may still find it difficult to understand people in Britain when they first arrive. One of the main reason for this…
a) people may speak one of the ancient languages
people mispronounce words
people may use a lot of colloquial and idiomatic language
The pitch of the utterance may be narrowed or increased depending on the…
a) variety of intonation patterns
speaker’s temper and mood
intensity of excitement
5. Pauses are …and there is a large number of cases when intonational groups and sentences are not separated by any kind of pause.
a) brief b) long c) normal.
Final Tests Phonostylistics as the Brand of Linguistics
Read the statements carefully. If the statement is perfectly true, mark it with "T". If even one word in the statement is wrong, the whole statement is false and should be marked with "F".
Phonostylistics came into existence as an attempt to bridge the gap between linguistic and extra-linguistic factors in analyzing stylistic differentiations of written texts.
Phonostylistics is a completely different way of looking at phonetic phenomena. It is a way of doing phonetic science, which includes various linguistic and extra-linguistic factors.
Linguistic factors are those features of utterance, which are most describable in terms of phonetic distinctions.
To linguistic factors, we refer syllables, stresses, nuclear tone type, intonation group and its boundaries, pauses.
To the extra-linguistic factors one may refer social background of the speakers, their voice qualities, gender and age, contextual factors.
Phonostylistics investigates peculiarities of the language organization from stylistical point of view.
Among the issues, Phonostylistics deals with are phonetic synonyms; Stylistic devices carried by Phonetic Expressive means; Sound symbolism; Phonetic norm and derivation.
Phonetic norm is the invariant of the speech patterns circulating in active language at a given period.
Phonetic synonyms include utterance variations and variants of words, different in accent placement.
Sound Symbolism is based on the assumption that separate letters can evoke certain emotions.
Functional Styles
Read the statements carefully. If the statement is perfectly true, mark it with "T". If even one word in the statement is wrong, the whole statement is false and should be marked with "F".
The study of Intonational Functional Styles is one of the objectives of Phonostylistics.
An intonation is important for the Functional Style Study, but it doesn't play an important role.
An Intonational Functional Style can be defined as a system of interrelated phonetic means, which is used in certain social sphere and serves a definite aim in communication.
We distinguish the following style categories: Informational, Academic, Publicistic, Declamatory and Colloquial.
It is obvious that the choice of the style depends on the grammatical role of the intonation and the situation this style is used.
The usage of a definite Functional Style is based on the assumption that there are three types of information to present in communication.
There are intellectual, emotional and attitudinal, volitional and desiderative information.
Informational Style is characterized by the predominant use of intellectual Intonational patterns. The emotional role of intonation here is high.
In Declamatory/oratorical Style the emotional role of intonation is great, but not that much like in Familiar.
Publicistic Style is used by political speech makers, radio and TV commentators, participants of press conferences. The success of the speech here depends greatly upon the speaker's ability to manipulate words.