Вариант 15.

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Files And Directories.

Computers store information on disks in files. A file is a collection of related information such as a computer program or the text of a letter.

Each file is given a unique name, and each filename is stored in a directory. To find out about a file in a directory use the MS-DOS command DIR.

When referring to a file, you must use a file specification. This consists of a pathname, a filename and an extension (if there is one).

File extension can be up to three characters long and is used to identify the contents of a file.

MS-DOS automatically defines the meaning of some file extensions. Others can be assigned as you wish. For example, .TXT can be used to indicate a text file.

MS-DOS lets you organize the files on your disk into directories. Directories are a way of dividing your files into convenient groups. A directory may contain any number of files, but it is often more convenient to separate the files into subdirectories.

This method of organizing a disk is rather like a tree where the files are the leaves of the tree and the directories are the branches. The first directory is usually called the “ROOT”.

You can have more than one file (leaf) with the same name provided that the files are in different directories.

MS-DOS needs a pathname to find its way to a particular file. The pathname is a series of directory names followed by the required filename, each separated from the last by a backward slash. If a file specification does not begin with backslash the first part of the specification is taken to be default, or current, directory.

Questions:

1. Where do computers store their information?

2. Where is each filename stored?

3. What must you use when referring to a file?

4. How does MS-DOS define the meaning of some file extensions?

5. What is a more convenient way of storing your files?

6. Which directory is usually called the “ROOT”.

7. Define the pathname.